From 3fc9fdc8a2caebce2bcabf033190492f87264265 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy Anderson <info@dcos.net>
Date: Sun, 27 Sep 2026 02:35:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] rs-mrxvt - feature updates, copy/paste

---
 ARCHITECTURE.md         |   83 +-
 Cargo.lock              | 4294 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 README.md               |   89 +-
 examples/config.toml    |   19 +-
 src/app.rs              |  671 +++++-
 src/cli.rs              |   64 +-
 src/clipboard.rs        |  571 ++++++
 src/command.rs          |   36 +
 src/config.rs           |   72 +-
 src/config_lua.rs       |   13 +
 src/config_watch.rs     |    5 +-
 src/images.rs           |   16 +-
 src/input/bindings.rs   |   53 +
 src/lib.rs              |    1 +
 src/mouse.rs            |  254 ++-
 src/session.rs          |   68 +-
 src/sixel.rs            |    4 +-
 src/terminal/manager.rs |  114 +-
 src/terminal/pty.rs     |  179 +-
 src/terminal/tab.rs     |  446 +++-
 src/ui/tui.rs           |  144 +-
 tests/broadcasting.rs   |    1 +
 tests/integration.rs    |    1 +
 23 files changed, 7000 insertions(+), 198 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 src/clipboard.rs

diff --git a/ARCHITECTURE.md b/ARCHITECTURE.md
index fcb4781..2d5ace3 100755
--- a/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -13,14 +13,18 @@ src/
 ├── command.rs        — the Command enum (single source of truth for actions)
 ├── config.rs         — TOML config + ConfigSource trait (future: Lua)
 ├── app.rs            — App struct: owns TerminalManager + InputRouter + PaletteState
+│                       + SessionState + the clipboard backend
+├── clipboard.rs      — copy/paste: external tools + OSC 52 + MockClipboard
 ├── input/
 │   ├── mod.rs
 │   ├── bindings.rs   — KeyChord + KeyBindingTable (default mrxvt chords)
 │   └── router.rs     — translate crossterm KeyEvents to bytes OR Commands
+├── session.rs        — SessionState: mouse/selection/clicks/hyperlinks/images
+├── mouse.rs          — mouse modes, SGR/X11 encoders, line-based Selection
 ├── terminal/
 │   ├── mod.rs
-│   ├── pty.rs        — PtySession: spawn child + read/write/resize
-│   ├── tab.rs        — TerminalTab: PtySession + Term<NoopListener> + reader thread
+│   ├── pty.rs        — PtySession: spawn child (login-shell aware) + read/write/resize
+│   ├── tab.rs        — TerminalTab: PtySession + Term + reader thread + VT-event channel
 │   └── manager.rs    — TerminalManager: tabs vec, active idx, broadcast router
 └── ui/
     ├── mod.rs        — Renderer trait (the swap point for backends)
@@ -243,12 +247,74 @@ pub trait ConfigSource {
 `--config-format lua` flag or by file extension. The rest of the codebase
 won't need to change.
 
-## 11. Testing strategy
+## 11. Clipboard, selection, and VT events
 
-- **Unit tests** (`cargo test --lib`): 76 tests covering input routing,
+### Clipboard
+
+`ClipboardBackend` is the swap point (`src/clipboard.rs`):
+
+```rust
+pub trait ClipboardBackend: Send {
+    fn store(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> Result<()>;
+    fn load(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> Result<String>;
+}
+```
+
+Production uses `SystemClipboard`: writes go to the first available
+external tool (`xclip`/`xsel`/`wl-copy`/`pbcopy`/`termux-clipboard-set`,
+auto-detected and cached) **and** are mirrored to the host terminal as an
+OSC 52 escape sequence — which is what makes copy work over SSH. Reads
+come from the external tool. Tests use `MockClipboard` (with an `as_any`
+downcast hook so tests can inspect stores).
+
+Paste flows through `sanitize_paste` (strip C0/C1 injection, normalize
+CRLF, drop one trailing newline) and is wrapped in bracketed-paste
+markers when the child enabled DECSET 2004.
+
+### Selection
+
+`Selection` (`src/mouse.rs`) stores grid coordinates (`SelPoint`), so a
+selection survives scrolling. It is **line-based** like every mainstream
+terminal: `line_span(line, cols)` gives the half-open column range for a
+row; interior rows are fully selected. `kind` distinguishes
+Simple/Word/Line gestures (single/double/triple click via
+`SessionState.clicks`), and `TerminalTab::selection_text` extracts the
+text (trailing whitespace trimmed per line, `\n`-joined).
+
+### VT events
+
+`TerminalTab`'s `EventForwarder` (the `Term`'s `EventListener`) pushes
+alacritty events into a channel during `poll_pty`. Each tick,
+`TerminalManager::drain_events` collects them and `App::handle_tab_event`
+acts:
+
+| Event | Behavior |
+|-------|----------|
+| `Title(s)` / `ResetTitle` | rename the tab / restore default title |
+| `ClipboardStore(ty, s)` | OSC 52 write → clipboard backend (size-capped) |
+| `ClipboardLoad(ty, fmt)` | OSC 52 read → gated on `clipboard.osc52_read` |
+| `PtyWrite(s)` | write to that tab's PTY |
+| `Bell` | status-bar notice |
+
+### Login shells and the child environment
+
+The child environment is inherited in full (portable-pty re-applies the
+parent env). Default-shell tabs run as **login shells**
+(`CommandBuilder::new_default_prog`, argv0 `-bash`, `profile.login_shell
+= false` to opt out), because `/etc/profile` is where distros export the
+GUI session environment — without it, some GUI apps launched from tabs
+can't find their display. When neither `DISPLAY` nor `WAYLAND_DISPLAY`
+reaches the child, `PtySession::spawn` logs a one-time warning.
+
+## 12. Testing strategy
+
+- **Unit tests** (`cargo test --lib`): 200+ tests covering input routing,
   config parsing, tab manager state transitions, palette filtering,
   keybinding resolution, key-to-bytes translation, event abstraction,
-  backend selection logic, and app event handling.
+  backend selection logic, app event handling, clipboard (base64/OSC 52,
+  paste sanitation, mock round-trips), selection (line spans, word/line
+  kinds, text extraction over real PTYs), scrollback, mouse-mode
+  bridging, OSC 52/title event forwarding, and login-shell spawning.
 - **Integration tests** (`tests/integration.rs`): 10 end-to-end tests
   spawning real subprocesses via PTY and verifying the alacritty_terminal
   emulator renders the output.
@@ -258,10 +324,11 @@ won't need to change.
   spawns N PTYs (default 50), broadcasts a marker, and verifies all N
   received it within the timeout.
 
-Total: 93 Rust tests + 1 Python harness, all passing. The same suite
-passes with `--features gpu` enabled.
+Total: 220+ Rust tests + 1 Python harness, all passing. The same suite
+passes with `--features gpu`, `--features lua`, `--features images`, and
+combinations thereof.
 
-## 12. Build configurations
+## 13. Build configurations
 
 | Config                | Cargo command                      | Backends available      |
 |-----------------------|------------------------------------|-------------------------|
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+
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+ "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
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+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
+ "smol_str",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+ "x11rb",
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+ "pkg-config",
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+ "as-raw-xcb-connection",
+ "gethostname",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "x11rb-protocol",
+]
+
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+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
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+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "73ab332fe2f6680068f3582b16a24f90ad7096d5d39b974d1c0aff0125116f02"
+dependencies = [
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "27bc9d5b815bc103f142aa054f561d9187d191692ec7c2d1e2b4737f8dbd7296"
+dependencies = [
+ "zune-core",
+]
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e13583d..6930df3 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -28,6 +28,29 @@ Three opt-in feature flags extend the terminal in orthogonal directions:
 - **Multi-tab PTY** — each tab runs an independent shell via `portable-pty`,
   with VT emulation by `alacritty_terminal`. Tabs are managed by a single
   `TerminalManager`; one tab's heavy output never blocks the others.
+- **Copy & paste** — click-drag select (line-based, like xterm/Ghostty),
+  double-click word, triple-click line. `Ctrl+Shift+C`/`Ctrl+Shift+V`,
+  classic `Ctrl+Ins`/`Shift+Ins`, middle-click pastes the primary
+  selection, right-click pastes the clipboard, and copy-on-select follows
+  the classic mrxvt/xterm behavior. Copies are also mirrored to the host
+  terminal via **OSC 52**, so copy works over SSH.
+- **Scrollback navigation** — mouse wheel, `Shift+PageUp/PageDown`,
+  `Shift+Home/End`, and palette commands. The wheel does the right thing
+  on the alternate screen (sends arrows to `less`/`vim`); typing snaps the
+  viewport back to the live bottom.
+- **Mouse reporting** — DECSET 9/1000/1002/1003/1006 tracked from the
+  child program; SGR-1006 and legacy X11 encodings both supported.
+  `Shift+click` always bypasses reporting so you can select text in
+  `vim`/`htop`.
+- **OSC 52 in and out** — programs (tmux, nvim) can set the clipboard;
+  reads are off by default for security (`clipboard.osc52_read = true`
+  to enable).
+- **Dynamic tab titles** — OSC 0/2 title sequences from the child rename
+  the tab (e.g. `vim` shows the filename, `ssh` shows the host).
+- **Login shells by default** — default-shell tabs run as login shells
+  (classic mrxvt `loginShell: True`), so `/etc/profile` and its distro
+  GUI-session exports (D-Bus, flatpak/snap paths) reach every app you
+  launch — including GUI apps.
 - **Input Broadcasting** — the classic mrxvt killer feature. Toggle
   broadcast-to-all with `Ctrl+Shift+I`, or broadcast only to tagged groups
   via `--tag` on the CLI or the `ToggleBroadcastGroup` command in the
@@ -42,7 +65,7 @@ Three opt-in feature flags extend the terminal in orthogonal directions:
 - **TOML config** — `~/.config/rs-mrxvt/config.toml` with profiles, macros,
   keybindings, and transparency settings.
 - **Per-tab fading** — inactive tabs dim smoothly via a lerp animation.
-- **Stress-tested** — 89+ unit + integration tests, plus a 50-instance
+- **Stress-tested** — 200+ unit + integration tests, plus a 50-instance
   Python stress harness that broadcasts a marker to 50 shells in ~30ms.
 
 ### With `--features lua`
@@ -87,15 +110,19 @@ Three opt-in feature flags extend the terminal in orthogonal directions:
 | Config hot-reload      | ✅ shipped  | Polling watcher, survives bad configs          |
 | iTerm2 image protocol  | ✅ shipped  | PNG/JPEG/GIF/WebP/BMP inline                   |
 | Sixel image protocol   | ✅ shipped  | Pure-Rust parser, color registers, repeats     |
-| Mouse + SGR-1006       | ✅ shipped  | X10/X11/SGR encoders, selection state machine  |
+| Mouse + SGR-1006       | ✅ shipped  | X10/X11/SGR encoders, shift-bypass selection   |
 | OSC 8 hyperlinks       | ✅ shipped  | Parser + scanner + cell-indexed store          |
 | Alt+N / Alt+Arrows     | ✅ shipped  | New tab, shuffle forward/back                  |
 | Alt+Shift+X close      | ✅ shipped  | Closes focused tab                             |
 | Alt+Z zsh tab          | ✅ shipped  | Secondary shell on a hotkey                    |
 | True-color themes      | ✅ shipped  | Tokyo Night, Gruvbox, Dracula, Solarized       |
 | Multi-distro sysprep   | ✅ shipped  | pacman/apt/dnf/zypper/xbps/apk/cast/emerge     |
-| Renderer integration   | 🚧 planned  | Wire mouse/selection/links/images into UI loop |
-| Clipboard support      | 🚧 planned  | Copy selection, paste on right-click           |
+| Clipboard              | ✅ shipped  | Select/copy/paste, OSC 52 mirror, tools+mock   |
+| Scrollback navigation  | ✅ shipped  | Wheel, Shift+PgUp/PgDn/Home/End, palette cmds  |
+| Selection modes        | ✅ shipped  | Drag/word/line, copy-on-select, highlight      |
+| Tab title sync         | ✅ shipped  | OSC 0/2 from child renames the tab             |
+| Login shells           | ✅ shipped  | GUI-session env reaches apps (mrxvt default)   |
+| GUI backend polish     | 🚧 planned  | Selection/cursor highlight in wgpu+soft UIs    |
 
 ## 🚀 Quick start
 
@@ -147,15 +174,25 @@ sudo PREFIX=/usr make install  # installs to /usr
 
 | Shortcut              | Action                                        |
 |-----------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
-| `Ctrl+Shift+T` / `Alt+N` | New tab (bash, the default shell)          |
+| `Ctrl+Shift+T` / `Alt+N` | New tab (login shell)                      |
 | `Alt+Z`               | New tab running zsh (secondary shell)         |
 | `Alt+Shift+X`         | Close the currently focused tab               |
 | `Ctrl+Shift+W`        | Close tab (classic mrxvt binding)             |
+| `Ctrl+Shift+C` / `Ctrl+Insert` | Copy selection to clipboard          |
+| `Ctrl+Shift+V` / `Shift+Insert` | Paste from clipboard                |
 | `Ctrl+Shift+I`        | Toggle broadcast (all tabs)                   |
 | `Ctrl+Shift+P`        | Open command palette                          |
 | `Ctrl+Tab` / `Alt+Right` | Next tab (wraps)                           |
 | `Ctrl+Shift+Tab` / `Alt+Left` | Previous tab (wraps)                  |
 | `Alt+1` … `Alt+0`     | Go to tab N (1..10)                           |
+| `Shift+PageUp` / `Shift+PageDown` | Scroll scrollback a page       |
+| `Shift+Home` / `Shift+End` | Jump to top / bottom of scrollback       |
+
+Mouse: drag selects, double-click selects a word, triple-click selects a
+line, release copies (copy-on-select), middle-click pastes the primary
+selection, right-click pastes the clipboard, and the wheel scrolls the
+scrollback (or the alternate-screen program). `Shift+click` bypasses
+application mouse reporting so you can always select text.
 
 All bindings are rebindable in `config.toml` or `config.lua`.
 
@@ -176,6 +213,29 @@ opacity = 0.85         # 1.0 = opaque, 0.0 = fully transparent
 # background_image = "/path/to/wallpaper.png"
 ```
 
+### Clipboard
+
+```toml
+[clipboard]
+copy_on_select = true   # selecting text copies it (classic mrxvt/xterm)
+osc52 = true            # mirror copies to the host terminal — works over SSH
+osc52_read = false      # let programs read the clipboard via OSC 52 (security)
+# tool = "xclip"        # force a tool; otherwise auto-detected
+```
+
+rs-mrxvt talks to the system clipboard through the standard tools
+(`xclip`/`xsel` on X11, `wl-clipboard` on Wayland, `pbcopy`/`pbpaste` on
+macOS, `termux-clipboard-*` on Android) — no clipboard library is linked.
+Every copy is *additionally* emitted as an OSC 52 escape sequence, so the
+**host terminal** performs the clipboard write too; over SSH with no
+local clipboard tool, that mirror is what makes copy work.
+
+Paste sanitation matches mainstream terminals: control characters that
+could inject escape sequences are stripped, CRLF is normalized to LF, and
+a single trailing newline is dropped so a paste doesn't auto-submit your
+command. When the child enabled bracketed paste (DECSET 2004), pastes are
+wrapped in `ESC[200~ … ESC[201~`.
+
 ### Time-based theme (Lua)
 
 ```lua
@@ -207,6 +267,25 @@ Built-in true-color themes (set `ui.theme` in your config):
 Custom themes can be defined in TOML — see `examples/config.toml` for the
 full color list (16 ANSI colors + bg/fg/cursor).
 
+## 🛠 Troubleshooting
+
+**GUI apps refuse to start from a tab** (`cannot open display`, D-Bus
+errors): default-shell tabs run **login shells**, which source
+`/etc/profile` — that's where distros export the GUI session environment
+(`DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS`, flatpak/snap paths). If tabs still can't
+launch GUI apps, rs-mrxvt itself was probably started from a
+non-graphical context (plain TTY, `sudo`, a stripped service): the child
+environment is inherited, so there is no `DISPLAY`/`WAYLAND_DISPLAY` to
+inherit. Start rs-mrxvt from your graphical session, or set the variables
+yourself. rs-mrxvt logs a warning at spawn when this is the case. If your
+`~/.bash_profile` is noisy, per-profile `login_shell = false` restores
+plain non-login shells.
+
+**Copy works but paste doesn't (over SSH):** paste reads the *local*
+system clipboard, which needs a local tool (`xclip`, `xsel`,
+`wl-paste`). OSC 52 can only *write* the client's clipboard, not read it
+synchronously — that's a protocol limit, not a bug.
+
 ## 🧪 Testing
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/examples/config.toml b/examples/config.toml
index a170df5..44b2310 100755
--- a/examples/config.toml
+++ b/examples/config.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,18 @@ rows = 40
 scrollback = 10000          # lines of scrollback history per tab
 shell = "/bin/bash"          # default shell (bash); override per-profile
 
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Clipboard (copy / paste)
+# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+[clipboard]
+copy_on_select = true        # classic xterm/mrxvt: selecting text copies it
+osc52 = true                 # also mirror copies to the host terminal (OSC 52);
+                             # this is what makes copy work over SSH
+osc52_read = false           # allow programs (tmux/nvim) to READ the clipboard
+                             # via OSC 52 queries — off by default for safety
+# tool = "xclip"             # force a clipboard tool; auto-detects otherwise
+                             # (xclip / xsel / wl-clipboard / pbcopy / termux)
+
 # ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 # UI behavior
 # ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -28,7 +40,12 @@ focus = "click"             # "click" (default) | "follow" (focus follows mouse)
 default_profile = "default"
 
 [profiles.default]
-command = ["bash"]           # bash is the primary shell
+# Empty command = run the user's default shell ($SHELL, then /etc/passwd)
+# as a LOGIN shell — it sources /etc/profile, so distro GUI session
+# variables (D-Bus, flatpak/snap paths) reach apps launched from the tab.
+# Set login_shell = false if you don't want that.
+# command = ["bash"]
+login_shell = true
 # cwd = "/home/user/projects"
 # tag = "local"
 
diff --git a/src/app.rs b/src/app.rs
index 38b2b0a..62dfb98 100644
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -32,21 +32,35 @@
 //! [`AppEvent`], a backend-agnostic enum — every renderer translates its
 //! native events into this type at the boundary.
 
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use alacritty_terminal::event::Event as TermEvent;
 use crossterm::event::{KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyModifiers};
 
 use crate::cli::Cli;
+use crate::clipboard::{bracket, sanitize_paste, ClipboardBackend, ClipboardKind, SystemClipboard};
 use crate::command::Command;
 use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::input::router::{InputAction, InputRouter};
 use crate::input::bindings::KeyBindingTable;
-use crate::mouse::{MouseButton, MouseEvent, MouseEventKind};
+use crate::mouse::{MouseButton, MouseEvent, MouseEventKind, SelPoint};
 use crate::session::SessionState;
 use crate::terminal::manager::{Action, BroadcastTarget, TerminalManager};
-use crate::ui::event::{AppEvent, AppKey, AppKeyEvent};
+use crate::ui::event::{AppEvent, AppKey, AppKeyEvent, AppMouseEvent};
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::ui::event::AppModifiers;
 use crate::ui::palette::PaletteState;
 
+/// How long a status-bar notice stays visible.
+pub const NOTICE_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2500);
+
+/// A transient status-bar message (e.g. "Copied 42 chars").
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Notice {
+    pub text: String,
+    pub expires: Instant,
+}
+
 /// The app. Construct with [`App::new`], then run with a [`Renderer`].
 pub struct App {
     pub manager: TerminalManager,
@@ -56,10 +70,25 @@ pub struct App {
     pub config: Config,
     pub cli: Cli,
     pub quit: bool,
+    /// Clipboard backend (system tools + OSC 52 in production, mock in tests).
+    pub clipboard: Box<dyn ClipboardBackend>,
+    /// Transient status-bar message, if any.
+    pub notice: Option<Notice>,
 }
 
 impl App {
     pub fn new(cli: Cli, config: Config) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        let clipboard: Box<dyn ClipboardBackend> =
+            Box::new(SystemClipboard::from_config(&config.clipboard));
+        Self::with_clipboard(cli, config, clipboard)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructor with an explicit clipboard backend (tests use a mock).
+    pub fn with_clipboard(
+        cli: Cli,
+        config: Config,
+        clipboard: Box<dyn ClipboardBackend>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         let bindings = KeyBindingTable::defaults();
         let router = InputRouter::new(bindings);
 
@@ -111,9 +140,86 @@ impl App {
             config,
             cli,
             quit: false,
+            clipboard,
+            notice: None,
         })
     }
 
+    /// Show a transient message in the status bar.
+    pub fn notify(&mut self, text: impl Into<String>) {
+        self.notice = Some(Notice {
+            text: text.into(),
+            expires: Instant::now() + NOTICE_TTL,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// The active notice, if it hasn't expired.
+    pub fn active_notice(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.notice
+            .as_ref()
+            .filter(|n| Instant::now() < n.expires)
+            .map(|n| n.text.as_str())
+    }
+
+    // ─── clipboard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// Copy the active selection to the system clipboard.
+    pub fn copy_selection(&mut self) {
+        let Some(tab) = self.manager.active_tab() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if !self.session.selection.is_active() {
+            self.notify("No selection");
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(text) = tab.selection_text(&self.session.selection) else {
+            self.notify("No selection");
+            return;
+        };
+        if text.is_empty() {
+            self.notify("Selection is empty");
+            return;
+        }
+        let n = text.chars().count();
+        match self.clipboard.store(ClipboardKind::Clipboard, &text) {
+            Ok(()) => self.notify(format!("Copied {n} chars")),
+            Err(e) => self.notify(format!("Copy failed: {e}")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Load the given clipboard and paste it into the terminal(s).
+    pub fn paste(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind) {
+        match self.clipboard.load(kind) {
+            Ok(text) => self.deliver_paste(&text),
+            Err(e) => self.notify(format!("Paste failed: {e}")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sanitize, optionally bracket, and route already-loaded paste text.
+    ///
+    /// Shared by the clipboard-tool path, OSC 52 paste requests, and host
+    /// terminal paste events.
+    pub fn deliver_paste(&mut self, text: &str) {
+        let clean = sanitize_paste(text);
+        if clean.is_empty() {
+            self.notify("Clipboard is empty");
+            return;
+        }
+        let n = clean.chars().count();
+        let bracketed = self
+            .manager
+            .active_tab()
+            .map(|t| t.bracketed_paste())
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        let payload = if bracketed { bracket(&clean) } else { clean };
+        if let Err(e) = self.manager.route_input(payload.as_bytes()) {
+            log::warn!("paste routing failed: {e}");
+        }
+        self.notify(format!("Pasted {n} chars"));
+    }
+
+    // ─── commands ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
     /// Apply a one-shot [`Command`] (from the palette, a macro, etc.).
     pub fn run_command(&mut self, cmd: &Command, cols: u16, rows: u16) -> InputAction {
         match cmd {
@@ -125,8 +231,26 @@ impl App {
                 self.quit = true;
                 InputAction::Quit
             }
+            Command::CopySelection => {
+                self.copy_selection();
+                InputAction::Handled
+            }
+            Command::PasteClipboard => {
+                self.paste(ClipboardKind::Clipboard);
+                InputAction::Handled
+            }
+            Command::PastePrimary => {
+                self.paste(ClipboardKind::Primary);
+                InputAction::Handled
+            }
             other => {
+                let active_before = self.manager.active;
                 let action = self.manager.execute(other, cols, rows, &self.config);
+                // Switching tabs invalidates the selection (it lives in the
+                // previous tab's grid coordinates).
+                if self.manager.active != active_before {
+                    self.session.reset();
+                }
                 if action == Action::Quit {
                     self.quit = true;
                     InputAction::Quit
@@ -153,11 +277,8 @@ impl App {
             }
             AppEvent::FocusGained | AppEvent::FocusLost => InputAction::Continue,
             AppEvent::Paste(s) => {
-                // Paste as raw bytes into the active tab (or broadcast group).
-                let bytes = s.into_bytes();
-                if let Err(e) = self.manager.route_input(&bytes) {
-                    log::warn!("input routing failed: {e}");
-                }
+                // Paste delivered by the host terminal (bracketed paste).
+                self.deliver_paste(&s);
                 InputAction::Continue
             }
             AppEvent::Mouse(m) => self.handle_mouse(m),
@@ -170,21 +291,32 @@ impl App {
 
     /// Handle a mouse event.
     ///
-    /// If the active program has enabled mouse reporting (via DECSET), the
-    /// event is encoded and sent to the PTY. Otherwise, the event drives
-    /// local text selection: press begins a selection, motion extends it,
-    /// release copies to clipboard (deferred — clipboard access requires
-    /// platform-specific code).
-    pub fn handle_mouse(&mut self, ev: crate::ui::event::AppMouseEvent) -> InputAction {
+    /// Priority order (matching xterm/Ghostty behavior):
+    /// 1. If the child enabled mouse reporting and Shift is not held,
+    ///    encode the event (SGR-1006 when negotiated, else legacy X11) and
+    ///    forward it to the PTY. Shift bypasses reporting so the user can
+    ///    always select text.
+    /// 2. Otherwise the event drives local interaction: click-drag selects
+    ///    (with double/triple-click word/line modes), the wheel scrolls
+    ///    the scrollback viewport (or sends arrows on the alternate
+    ///    screen), middle-click pastes the primary selection, and
+    ///    right-click pastes the clipboard.
+    pub fn handle_mouse(&mut self, ev: AppMouseEvent) -> InputAction {
         let mouse_ev: MouseEvent = ev.into();
-        let mode = self.session.mouse_mode;
+        let mode = self
+            .manager
+            .active_tab()
+            .map(|t| t.mouse_mode())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
 
-        // If the program is reporting mouse events, encode and forward.
-        if mode.any_reporting() {
-            // Try SGR-1006 first (preferred), then legacy X11.
-            if let Some(bytes) = crate::mouse::encode_sgr(mouse_ev, mode)
-                .or_else(|| crate::mouse::encode_x11(mouse_ev, mode))
-            {
+        // 1. Mouse reporting for the child program.
+        if mode.any_reporting() && !mouse_ev.mods.shift {
+            let bytes = if mode.sgr {
+                crate::mouse::encode_sgr(mouse_ev, mode)
+            } else {
+                crate::mouse::encode_x11(mouse_ev, mode)
+            };
+            if let Some(bytes) = bytes {
                 if let Err(e) = self.manager.route_input(&bytes) {
                     log::warn!("input routing failed: {e}");
                 }
@@ -192,37 +324,193 @@ impl App {
             }
         }
 
-        // Otherwise, drive local selection.
-        match mouse_ev.kind {
-            MouseEventKind::Press => match mouse_ev.button {
-                MouseButton::Left => {
-                    self.session.selection.begin(mouse_ev.col, mouse_ev.row);
-                }
-                MouseButton::Right => {
-                    // Right-click: paste (placeholder — would call into clipboard).
-                    self.session.selection.clear();
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            },
-            MouseEventKind::Motion => {
-                if self.session.selection.is_active() {
-                    self.session.selection.extend(mouse_ev.col, mouse_ev.row);
+        // 2. Local interaction.
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        match (mouse_ev.kind, mouse_ev.button) {
+            (MouseEventKind::Press, MouseButton::WheelUp) => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.manager.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.wheel_scroll(true);
                 }
             }
-            MouseEventKind::Release => {
-                if self.session.selection.is_multi_cell() {
-                    // Selection complete — would copy to clipboard here.
-                    // For now we just leave the selection active so the
-                    // renderer can highlight it; the user can clear it
-                    // with a single click.
-                } else {
-                    self.session.selection.clear();
+            (MouseEventKind::Press, MouseButton::WheelDown) => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.manager.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.wheel_scroll(false);
                 }
             }
+            (MouseEventKind::Press, MouseButton::Left) => {
+                self.begin_selection(mouse_ev, now);
+            }
+            (MouseEventKind::Motion, _) if self.session.selection.is_active() => {
+                self.extend_selection(mouse_ev);
+            }
+            (MouseEventKind::Release, MouseButton::Left) => {
+                self.finish_selection();
+            }
+            (MouseEventKind::Press, MouseButton::Middle) => {
+                self.paste(ClipboardKind::Primary);
+            }
+            (MouseEventKind::Press, MouseButton::Right) => {
+                self.paste(ClipboardKind::Clipboard);
+            }
+            _ => {}
         }
         InputAction::Handled
     }
 
+    /// Left-press: start a Simple/Word/Line selection based on click cadence.
+    fn begin_selection(&mut self, ev: MouseEvent, now: Instant) {
+        let Some(tab) = self.manager.active_tab() else { return };
+        let p = tab.grid_point(ev.row, ev.col);
+        let kind = self.session.clicks.register(now);
+        match kind {
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Word => {
+                let (a, b) = tab.expand_word(p);
+                self.session.selection.set_span(kind, a, b);
+            }
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Line => {
+                let (a, b) = tab.expand_line(p);
+                self.session.selection.set_span(kind, a, b);
+            }
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple => {
+                self.session.selection.begin(kind, p);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Drag: extend the selection, re-expanding word/line selections.
+    fn extend_selection(&mut self, ev: MouseEvent) {
+        let Some(tab) = self.manager.active_tab() else { return };
+        let p = tab.grid_point(ev.row, ev.col);
+        let kind = self.session.selection.kind;
+        match kind {
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple => {
+                self.session.selection.extend(p);
+            }
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Word => {
+                // Union of the anchor word and the word under the pointer.
+                let origin = self
+                    .session
+                    .selection
+                    .anchor
+                    .or(Some(p))
+                    .unwrap_or(p);
+                let (aa, ab) = tab.expand_word(origin);
+                let (ba, bb) = tab.expand_word(p);
+                let lo = if (ba.line, ba.col) < (aa.line, aa.col) { ba } else { aa };
+                let hi = if (bb.line, bb.col) > (ab.line, ab.col) { bb } else { ab };
+                self.session.selection.set_span(kind, lo, hi);
+            }
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Line => {
+                let origin = self.session.selection.anchor.unwrap_or(p);
+                let lo_line = origin.line.min(p.line);
+                let hi_line = origin.line.max(p.line);
+                let cols = tab.size().0 as usize;
+                self.session.selection.set_span(
+                    kind,
+                    SelPoint { line: lo_line, col: 0 },
+                    SelPoint { line: hi_line, col: cols.saturating_sub(1) },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Left-release: copy-on-select (if enabled), collapse empty selections.
+    fn finish_selection(&mut self) {
+        let sel = &self.session.selection;
+        if sel.is_active() && (sel.is_multi_cell() || sel.kind != crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple)
+        {
+            if self.config.clipboard.copy_on_select {
+                if let Some(tab) = self.manager.active_tab() {
+                    if let Some(text) = tab.selection_text(sel) {
+                        if !text.is_empty() {
+                            let n = text.chars().count();
+                            // Copy-on-select targets the primary selection
+                            // (X11 convention) and the clipboard (so it also
+                            // works on Wayland/macOS setups).
+                            if let Err(e) =
+                                self.clipboard.store(ClipboardKind::Primary, &text)
+                            {
+                                log::debug!("primary store failed: {e}");
+                            }
+                            if let Err(e) =
+                                self.clipboard.store(ClipboardKind::Clipboard, &text)
+                            {
+                                log::debug!("clipboard store failed: {e}");
+                            }
+                            self.notify(format!("Copied {n} chars"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.session.selection.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ─── VT events from the child (title, OSC 52, bell, …) ───────────────────
+
+    /// Process VT events drained from the tabs after a PTY poll.
+    pub fn handle_tab_events(&mut self, events: Vec<(usize, TermEvent)>) {
+        for (idx, ev) in events {
+            self.handle_tab_event(idx, ev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_tab_event(&mut self, idx: usize, ev: TermEvent) {
+        match ev {
+            TermEvent::Title(title) => {
+                self.manager.set_title(idx, title);
+            }
+            TermEvent::ResetTitle => {
+                self.manager.reset_title(idx);
+            }
+            TermEvent::ClipboardStore(ty, text) => {
+                // A program (tmux, nvim, …) set the clipboard via OSC 52.
+                // Allow list-sized writes; refuse absurd ones.
+                if text.len() > crate::clipboard::OSC52_MAX_BYTES {
+                    log::warn!(
+                        "ignoring OSC 52 store from tab {idx}: {} bytes exceeds cap",
+                        text.len()
+                    );
+                    return;
+                }
+                let kind = ClipboardKind::from(ty);
+                if let Err(e) = self.clipboard.store(kind, &text) {
+                    log::debug!("OSC 52 store failed: {e}");
+                }
+            }
+            TermEvent::ClipboardLoad(ty, fmt) => {
+                // OSC 52 clipboard *query*. Off by default (security: don't
+                // let arbitrary programs read the clipboard silently).
+                if !self.config.clipboard.osc52_read {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let kind = ClipboardKind::from(ty);
+                if let Ok(text) = self.clipboard.load(kind) {
+                    let seq = fmt(&text);
+                    if let Some(tab) = self.manager.tabs.get_mut(idx) {
+                        if let Err(e) = tab.write_input(seq.as_bytes()) {
+                            log::debug!("OSC 52 paste write failed: {e}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            TermEvent::PtyWrite(s) => {
+                if let Some(tab) = self.manager.tabs.get_mut(idx) {
+                    if let Err(e) = tab.write_input(s.as_bytes()) {
+                        log::debug!("PtyWrite failed: {e}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            TermEvent::Bell => {
+                self.notify("Bell");
+            }
+            // Wakeup, MouseCursorDirty, … — the 20 Hz render loop already
+            // covers redraws; nothing to do.
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Handle an [`AppKeyEvent`] (translated from crossterm or winit).
     pub fn handle_app_key(&mut self, ev: AppKeyEvent, cols: u16, rows: u16) -> InputAction {
         // Ignore key-release events (only key presses trigger commands).
@@ -377,8 +665,12 @@ impl App {
     fn main_loop(&mut self, renderer: &mut dyn crate::ui::Renderer) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let poll_ms = 50; // 20 Hz input poll; PTY drain is per-tick.
         while !self.quit {
-            // 1. Drain PTYs.
+            // 1. Drain PTYs, then act on VT events (titles, OSC 52, bells).
             let (_active_changed, _any_eof) = self.manager.poll_all();
+            let events = self.manager.drain_events();
+            if !events.is_empty() {
+                self.handle_tab_events(events);
+            }
 
             // 2. Poll for input.
             while let Some(ev) = renderer.poll_event(poll_ms)? {
@@ -444,6 +736,7 @@ fn app_key_to_crossterm(ev: AppKeyEvent) -> KeyEvent {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::cli::Cli;
+    use alacritty_terminal::grid::Dimensions;
     use clap::Parser;
 
     fn default_cli() -> Cli {
@@ -571,4 +864,294 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(action, InputAction::OpenPalette);
         assert!(app.palette.is_open());
     }
+
+    // ─── clipboard + selection + scrolling tests ──────────────────────────
+
+    use crate::clipboard::MockClipboard;
+    use crate::ui::event::AppMouseEvent;
+
+    fn mock_app() -> App {
+        let cli = default_cli();
+        let cfg = Config::default();
+        App::with_clipboard(cli, cfg, Box::new(MockClipboard::new())).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Replace the app's tabs with one child running `cmd`, then wait for
+    /// `marker` (printed after `cmd`) to appear in its grid. Only suitable
+    /// for one-shot commands; interactive children (`cat`) need a manual
+    /// profile that prints the marker first.
+    fn run_child(app: &mut App, cmd: &str, marker: &str) {
+        let profile = crate::config::Profile {
+            command: vec!["sh".into(), "-c".into(), format!("{cmd}; printf '{marker}'")],
+            ..crate::config::Profile::default()
+        };
+        while !app.manager.tabs.is_empty() {
+            app.manager.close_tab(0);
+        }
+        app.manager.open_tab(&profile, Some("test".into()), 40, 10).unwrap();
+        wait_grid(app, marker);
+    }
+
+    /// Like [`run_child`], but the marker is printed *before* the (long
+    /// running) command starts — for interactive children like `cat`.
+    fn run_interactive_child(app: &mut App, cmd: &str, marker: &str) {
+        let profile = crate::config::Profile {
+            command: vec!["sh".into(), "-c".into(), format!("printf '{marker}'; {cmd}")],
+            ..crate::config::Profile::default()
+        };
+        while !app.manager.tabs.is_empty() {
+            app.manager.close_tab(0);
+        }
+        app.manager.open_tab(&profile, Some("test".into()), 40, 10).unwrap();
+        wait_grid(app, marker);
+    }
+
+    /// Wait until the active tab's grid contains `needle`.
+    ///
+    /// VT events parsed along the way stay queued in the tab — tests pick
+    /// them up with `manager.drain_events()` afterwards.
+    fn wait_grid(app: &mut App, needle: &str) {
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = app.manager.poll_all();
+            let tab = app.manager.active_tab().unwrap();
+            let grid = tab.term.grid();
+            let start = -(grid.display_offset() as i32);
+            let found = (0..grid.screen_lines()).any(|r| {
+                let s: String = (0..grid.columns())
+                    .map(|c| {
+                        grid[crate::Point {
+                            line: crate::Line(start + r as i32),
+                            column: crate::Column(c),
+                        }].c
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                s.contains(needle)
+            });
+            if found {
+                return;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+        }
+        panic!("timeout waiting for {needle:?} in grid");
+    }
+
+    fn mouse_ev(
+        button: crate::mouse::MouseButton,
+        col: u32,
+        row: u32,
+        kind: MouseEventKind,
+    ) -> AppMouseEvent {
+        AppMouseEvent {
+            button,
+            col,
+            row,
+            mods: crate::mouse::MouseMods::default(),
+            kind,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn drag_select_then_release_copies_on_select() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_child(&mut app, "printf 'alpha beta gamma'", "MARK1");
+        // Drag from col 6 to col 9 on row 0 → "beta".
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+            crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            6,
+            0,
+            MouseEventKind::Press,
+        )), 40, 10);
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+            crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            9,
+            0,
+            MouseEventKind::Motion,
+        )), 40, 10);
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+            crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            9,
+            0,
+            MouseEventKind::Release,
+        )), 40, 10);
+
+        let any = app.clipboard.as_any().unwrap();
+        let mock = any.downcast_ref::<MockClipboard>().unwrap();
+        let stored = mock
+            .stores
+            .iter()
+            .find(|(k, _)| matches!(k, crate::clipboard::ClipboardKind::Clipboard))
+            .map(|(_, t)| t.clone())
+            .expect("copy-on-select should store to clipboard");
+        assert_eq!(stored, "beta");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_click_does_not_copy() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_child(&mut app, "printf 'alpha beta gamma'", "MARK2");
+        // Click and release on the same cell — no multi-cell selection.
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+            crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            3,
+            0,
+            MouseEventKind::Press,
+        )), 40, 10);
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+            crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            3,
+            0,
+            MouseEventKind::Release,
+        )), 40, 10);
+        let any = app.clipboard.as_any().unwrap();
+        let mock = any.downcast_ref::<MockClipboard>().unwrap();
+        assert!(mock.stores.is_empty(), "single click must not copy");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn right_click_pastes_clipboard() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_interactive_child(&mut app, "cat", "MARK3");
+        app.clipboard = Box::new(MockClipboard::with_content(
+            crate::clipboard::ClipboardKind::Clipboard,
+            "pasted-by-right-click",
+        ));
+        app.handle_event(
+            AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+                crate::mouse::MouseButton::Right,
+                1,
+                1,
+                MouseEventKind::Press,
+            )),
+            40,
+            10,
+        );
+        // `cat` echoes the paste back into the grid.
+        wait_grid(&mut app, "pasted-by-right");
+        assert!(app.active_notice().is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn paste_command_reaches_bracketed_child() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_interactive_child(&mut app, "printf '\\033[?2004h'; cat", "MARK4");
+        assert!(
+            app.manager.active_tab().unwrap().bracketed_paste(),
+            "child should have bracketed paste on"
+        );
+        app.clipboard = Box::new(MockClipboard::with_content(
+            crate::clipboard::ClipboardKind::Clipboard,
+            "bracketed-text",
+        ));
+        app.run_command(&Command::PasteClipboard, 40, 10);
+        wait_grid(&mut app, "bracketed-text");
+        assert!(app.active_notice().unwrap().contains("Pasted"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wheel_scrolls_active_tab_and_typing_snaps_back() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_child(&mut app, "seq 1 200", "MARK5");
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = app.manager.poll_all();
+            if app.manager.active_tab().unwrap().term.grid().history_size() > 100 {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        app.handle_event(
+            AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+                crate::mouse::MouseButton::WheelUp,
+                0,
+                0,
+                MouseEventKind::Press,
+            )),
+            40,
+            10,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(app.manager.active_tab().unwrap().display_offset(), 3);
+        // Typing snaps back to the bottom.
+        app.handle_event(
+            AppEvent::Key(AppKeyEvent::new(AppModifiers::empty(), AppKey::Enter)),
+            40,
+            10,
+        );
+        assert!(app.manager.active_tab().unwrap().at_bottom());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mouse_reporting_forwards_to_child_and_shift_bypasses() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_child(&mut app, "printf '\\033[?1000h\\033[?1006h'", "MARK6");
+
+        // Non-shift press is encoded and forwarded (not treated as selection).
+        app.handle_event(
+            AppEvent::Mouse(mouse_ev(
+                crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+                5,
+                2,
+                MouseEventKind::Press,
+            )),
+            40,
+            10,
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !app.session.selection.is_active(),
+            "press should go to child, not selection"
+        );
+
+        // Shift+click bypasses reporting → local selection begins.
+        let mut ev = mouse_ev(crate::mouse::MouseButton::Left, 1, 1, MouseEventKind::Press);
+        ev.mods.shift = true;
+        app.handle_event(AppEvent::Mouse(ev), 40, 10);
+        assert!(app.session.selection.is_active());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn osc52_store_from_child_sets_clipboard() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        // "prox" base64-encodes to cHJveA==.
+        run_child(&mut app, "printf '\\033]52;c;cHJveA==\\007'", "MARK7");
+        let events = app.manager.drain_events();
+        assert!(!events.is_empty());
+        app.handle_tab_events(events);
+        let stored = app
+            .clipboard
+            .load(crate::clipboard::ClipboardKind::Clipboard)
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(stored, "prox");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn title_from_child_renames_tab() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        run_child(&mut app, "printf '\\033]0;renamed-tab\\007'", "MARK8");
+        let events = app.manager.drain_events();
+        app.handle_tab_events(events);
+        assert_eq!(app.manager.active_tab().unwrap().title, "renamed-tab");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tab_switch_clears_selection() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        app.run_command(&Command::NewTab, 40, 10);
+        assert_eq!(app.manager.tabs.len(), 2);
+        app.session.selection.begin(
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple,
+            crate::mouse::SelPoint { line: 0, col: 0 },
+        );
+        app.run_command(&Command::PrevTab, 40, 10);
+        assert!(
+            !app.session.selection.is_active(),
+            "selection must reset on tab switch"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn copy_without_selection_notifies() {
+        let mut app = mock_app();
+        app.run_command(&Command::CopySelection, 40, 10);
+        assert_eq!(app.active_notice(), Some("No selection"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/cli.rs b/src/cli.rs
index b1a4a55..6cec7af 100644
--- a/src/cli.rs
+++ b/src/cli.rs
@@ -50,9 +50,18 @@ pub enum ConfigFormat {
 pub struct Cli {
     /// Program (and args) to run inside the first tab instead of $SHELL.
     ///
-    /// Mirrors the classic `mrxvt -e` flag. Everything after `--` is passed
-    /// to the child program verbatim.
-    #[arg(short = 'e', long = "exec", num_args = 1.., value_name = "COMMAND [ARGS]...")]
+    /// Mirrors the classic `mrxvt -e` / `xterm -e` flag: it takes the rest
+    /// of the command line verbatim, so put it last —
+    /// `rs-mrxvt -e vim -c 'startinsert' file` works, but anything after
+    /// `-e` belongs to the child program.
+    #[arg(
+        short = 'e',
+        long = "exec",
+        num_args = 1..,
+        trailing_var_arg = true,
+        allow_hyphen_values = true,
+        value_name = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
+    )]
     pub exec: Option<Vec<String>>,
 
     /// Window title (also used as the initial tab title).
@@ -112,3 +121,52 @@ pub struct Cli {
     #[arg(long = "gpu-info")]
     pub gpu_info: bool,
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use clap::Parser;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exec_takes_trailing_args_verbatim() {
+        // xterm-style -e: everything after it is the child command, even
+        // tokens that look like flags. Regression: clap used to stop at
+        // "-c", silently running a bare interactive shell.
+        let cli = Cli::try_parse_from([
+            "rs-mrxvt", "-e", "sh", "-c", "echo SMOKE-TEST-OK; sleep 0.5",
+        ])
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            cli.exec.unwrap(),
+            vec![
+                "sh".to_string(),
+                "-c".to_string(),
+                "echo SMOKE-TEST-OK; sleep 0.5".to_string()
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exec_long_form_also_greedy() {
+        let cli = Cli::try_parse_from([
+            "rs-mrxvt", "--exec", "vim", "-c", "set nu?", "/etc/motd",
+        ])
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(cli.exec.unwrap().len(), 4);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exec_optional() {
+        let cli = Cli::try_parse_from(["rs-mrxvt"]).unwrap();
+        assert!(cli.exec.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn options_before_exec_still_parse() {
+        let cli = Cli::try_parse_from(["rs-mrxvt", "-n", "3", "-j", "-e", "htop"])
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(cli.tabs, 3);
+        assert!(cli.broadcast);
+        assert_eq!(cli.exec.unwrap(), vec!["htop".to_string()]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/clipboard.rs b/src/clipboard.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d0fb7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/clipboard.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+//
+// rs-mrxvt — a modernized, distro-agnostic mrxvt-inspired terminal emulator.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 rs-mrxvt contributors
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+//! Clipboard integration: copy, paste, OSC 52.
+//!
+//! rs-mrxvt keeps its "no mandatory system dependencies" promise here too:
+//! instead of linking a clipboard library, it shells out to the standard
+//! clipboard tools that are already installed on virtually every desktop:
+//!
+//! | Environment | Copy                    | Paste                     |
+//! |-------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|
+//! | X11         | `xclip` / `xsel`        | `xclip` / `xsel`          |
+//! | Wayland     | `wl-copy`               | `wl-paste`                |
+//! | macOS       | `pbcopy`                | `pbpaste`                 |
+//! | Android     | `termux-clipboard-set`  | `termux-clipboard-get`    |
+//!
+//! ## OSC 52
+//!
+//! On copy, rs-mrxvt *also* emits an [OSC 52] escape sequence to its host
+//! terminal. This is the same mechanism terminal-aware programs (tmux, ssh
+//! through intermediate hosts, neovim) use, and it means copy works even
+//! when rs-mrxvt runs over SSH with no local clipboard tool: the *client's*
+//! terminal performs the clipboard write.
+//!
+//! The payload is base64-encoded and capped at [`OSC52_MAX_BYTES`] raw
+//! bytes (the de-facto limit accepted by xterm-class terminals); larger
+//! copies still go to the system clipboard via the external tool, only the
+//! OSC 52 mirror is skipped.
+//!
+//! [OSC 52]: https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h3-Operating-System-Commands
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::{Command as StdCommand, Stdio};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+/// Which clipboard to address.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum ClipboardKind {
+    /// The system clipboard (Ctrl+C/V clipboard).
+    Clipboard,
+    /// The X11 "primary" selection (middle-click paste).
+    Primary,
+}
+
+impl From<alacritty_terminal::term::ClipboardType> for ClipboardKind {
+    fn from(ty: alacritty_terminal::term::ClipboardType) -> Self {
+        match ty {
+            alacritty_terminal::term::ClipboardType::Clipboard => ClipboardKind::Clipboard,
+            alacritty_terminal::term::ClipboardType::Selection => ClipboardKind::Primary,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Raw payload cap for the OSC 52 mirror (xterm-class terminals accept
+/// roughly 100 KiB of base64; we cap the *raw* bytes at 75 KiB to stay
+/// comfortably inside that).
+pub const OSC52_MAX_BYTES: usize = 75 * 1024;
+
+/// A clipboard backend.
+///
+/// Production code uses [`SystemClipboard`]; tests use [`MockClipboard`].
+pub trait ClipboardBackend: Send {
+    /// Store `text` into the given clipboard.
+    fn store(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()>;
+
+    /// Load the current contents of the given clipboard.
+    fn load(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> anyhow::Result<String>;
+
+    /// Human-readable name for status messages / logging.
+    fn describe(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "clipboard"
+    }
+
+    /// Downcast hook so tests can inspect a [`MockClipboard`] behind the
+    /// trait object. Production backends return `None`.
+    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn std::any::Any> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+// ─── external tool discovery ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// A clipboard tool pair: (copy argv, paste argv), with `{primary}` support.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct ToolSpec {
+    name: &'static str,
+    copy: Vec<String>,
+    paste: Vec<String>,
+    /// Extra argv fragment inserted for the primary selection.
+    primary_flag: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+fn tool_specs() -> Vec<ToolSpec> {
+    fn s(args: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
+        args.iter().map(|a| a.to_string()).collect()
+    }
+    vec![
+        ToolSpec {
+            name: "xclip",
+            copy: s(&["xclip", "-in", "-selection", "{sel}"]),
+            paste: s(&["xclip", "-out", "-selection", "{sel}"]),
+            primary_flag: s(&["primary"]),
+        },
+        ToolSpec {
+            name: "xsel",
+            copy: s(&["xsel", "--input", "{sel}"]),
+            paste: s(&["xsel", "--output", "{sel}"]),
+            primary_flag: s(&["primary"]),
+        },
+        ToolSpec {
+            name: "wl-clipboard",
+            copy: s(&["wl-copy", "{primary}"]),
+            paste: s(&["wl-paste", "{primary}", "--no-newline"]),
+            primary_flag: s(&["--primary"]),
+        },
+        ToolSpec {
+            name: "pbcopy/pbpaste",
+            copy: s(&["pbcopy"]),
+            paste: s(&["pbpaste"]),
+            primary_flag: s(&[]),
+        },
+        ToolSpec {
+            name: "termux-clipboard",
+            copy: s(&["termux-clipboard-set"]),
+            paste: s(&["termux-clipboard-get"]),
+            primary_flag: s(&[]),
+        },
+    ]
+}
+
+fn which(program: &str) -> bool {
+    let Ok(path) = std::env::var("PATH") else { return false };
+    path.split(':').any(|dir| {
+        let p = std::path::Path::new(dir).join(program);
+        p.is_file()
+    })
+}
+
+/// The tool families available on this machine, in priority order.
+/// Detected once, then cached.
+fn available_tools() -> Vec<ToolSpec> {
+    static CACHE: Mutex<Option<Vec<ToolSpec>>> = Mutex::new(None);
+    let mut cache = CACHE.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+    if let Some(tools) = cache.clone() {
+        return tools;
+    }
+    let found: Vec<ToolSpec> = tool_specs()
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|t| {
+            let prog = t
+                .copy
+                .first()
+                .map(|c| c.split(' ').next().unwrap_or("").to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            which(&prog)
+        })
+        .collect();
+    *cache = Some(found.clone());
+    found
+}
+
+fn expand_argv(argv: &[String], kind: ClipboardKind, primary_flag: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let sel_word = match kind {
+        ClipboardKind::Clipboard => "clipboard",
+        ClipboardKind::Primary => "primary",
+    };
+    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(argv.len() + 1);
+    for a in argv {
+        if a == "{sel}" {
+            out.push(sel_word.to_string());
+        } else if a == "{primary}" {
+            if kind == ClipboardKind::Primary {
+                out.extend(primary_flag.iter().cloned());
+            }
+        } else {
+            out.push(a.clone());
+        }
+    }
+    out.retain(|a| !a.is_empty());
+    out
+}
+
+// ─── system clipboard ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// The production clipboard backend.
+///
+/// Writes go to the first available external tool *and* (optionally) to the
+/// host terminal via OSC 52. Reads come from the external tool; there is no
+/// reliable synchronous way to read a host terminal's clipboard, so over
+/// bare SSH without a tool, paste is simply unavailable and reports an
+/// error the caller can surface.
+pub struct SystemClipboard {
+    /// Explicit tool override from config (`clipboard.tool = "xclip"`).
+    tool: Option<String>,
+    /// Mirror copies to the host terminal via OSC 52.
+    osc52: bool,
+    /// Suppresses OSC 52 in tests / when stdout is not a terminal.
+    osc52_enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl SystemClipboard {
+    pub fn new(tool: Option<String>, osc52: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tool,
+            osc52,
+            osc52_enabled: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build from the TOML `[clipboard]` section.
+    pub fn from_config(cfg: &crate::config::ClipboardConfig) -> Self {
+        let tool = cfg.tool.as_ref().filter(|t| !t.trim().is_empty()).cloned();
+        Self::new(tool, cfg.osc52)
+    }
+
+    /// Disable OSC 52 emission entirely (used by tests).
+    pub fn disable_osc52(&mut self) {
+        self.osc52_enabled = false;
+    }
+
+    fn tool_copy_argv(&self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        if let Some(name) = &self.tool {
+            // User-forced tool: find its spec by name prefix.
+            let spec = tool_specs().into_iter().find(|t| {
+                t.copy
+                    .first()
+                    .map(|c| c.starts_with(name.as_str()))
+                    .unwrap_or(false)
+                    || t.name.starts_with(name.as_str())
+            })?;
+            return Some(expand_argv(&spec.copy, kind, &spec.primary_flag));
+        }
+        available_tools()
+            .first()
+            .map(|t| expand_argv(&t.copy, kind, &t.primary_flag))
+    }
+
+    fn tool_paste_argv(&self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        if let Some(name) = &self.tool {
+            let spec = tool_specs().into_iter().find(|t| {
+                t.copy
+                    .first()
+                    .map(|c| c.starts_with(name.as_str()))
+                    .unwrap_or(false)
+                    || t.name.starts_with(name.as_str())
+            })?;
+            return Some(expand_argv(&spec.paste, kind, &spec.primary_flag));
+        }
+        available_tools()
+            .first()
+            .map(|t| expand_argv(&t.paste, kind, &t.primary_flag))
+    }
+
+    fn tool_store(&self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let argv = self
+            .tool_copy_argv(kind)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("no clipboard tool found (install xclip, xsel, or wl-clipboard)"))?;
+        let mut child = StdCommand::new(&argv[0])
+            .args(&argv[1..])
+            .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .spawn()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to spawn {}: {e}", argv[0]))?;
+        if let Some(stdin) = child.stdin.as_mut() {
+            stdin.write_all(text.as_bytes())?;
+        }
+        // Dropping stdin closes the pipe; the tool then flushes.
+        let status = child.wait()?;
+        if !status.success() {
+            anyhow::bail!("{} exited with {status}", argv[0]);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn tool_load(&self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+        let argv = self
+            .tool_paste_argv(kind)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("no clipboard tool found (install xclip, xsel, or wl-clipboard)"))?;
+        let out = StdCommand::new(&argv[0])
+            .args(&argv[1..])
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .output()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to spawn {}: {e}", argv[0]))?;
+        if !out.status.success() {
+            anyhow::bail!("{} exited with {}", argv[0], out.status);
+        }
+        Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).into_owned())
+    }
+
+    /// Emit an OSC 52 "set clipboard" sequence to the host terminal.
+    ///
+    /// `ESC ] 52 ; <selection> ; <base64> BEL` where `<selection>` is `c`
+    /// for the clipboard and `p` for the primary selection. Terminals that
+    /// don't implement OSC 52 ignore unknown OSC sequences, so this is
+    /// always safe to write.
+    fn emit_osc52(&self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) {
+        if !self.osc52 || !self.osc52_enabled {
+            return;
+        }
+        let raw = text.as_bytes();
+        if raw.len() > OSC52_MAX_BYTES {
+            // Too large for OSC 52; the tool path already handled the copy.
+            log::debug!(
+                "OSC 52 mirror skipped: {} bytes > cap {OSC52_MAX_BYTES}",
+                raw.len()
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        let sel = match kind {
+            ClipboardKind::Clipboard => "c",
+            ClipboardKind::Primary => "p",
+        };
+        let seq = format!("\x1b]52;{sel};{}\x07", base64_encode(raw));
+        // Write outside of ratatui's frame: we're between draws here (event
+        // handling), so a direct write + flush cannot corrupt the frame.
+        let mut out = std::io::stdout();
+        let _ = out.write_all(seq.as_bytes());
+        let _ = out.flush();
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for SystemClipboard {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(None, true)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClipboardBackend for SystemClipboard {
+    fn store(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        if text.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // OSC 52 first (never fails), then the tool (may fail, e.g. no
+        // display over SSH — that's fine, the host terminal got it).
+        self.emit_osc52(kind, text);
+        match self.tool_store(kind, text) {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::debug!("clipboard tool store failed: {e}");
+                Ok(()) // OSC 52 already delivered the copy.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn load(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+        self.tool_load(kind)
+    }
+
+    fn describe(&self) -> &'static str {
+        if available_tools().is_empty() {
+            "osc52-only"
+        } else {
+            "system"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ─── mock ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// In-memory clipboard for tests.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct MockClipboard {
+    pub stores: Vec<(ClipboardKind, String)>,
+    pub loads: Vec<ClipboardKind>,
+    pub storage: HashMap<ClipboardKind, String>,
+    /// When set, `load` returns this error.
+    pub fail_load: bool,
+}
+
+impl MockClipboard {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Seed the mock so `load` returns `text`.
+    pub fn with_content(kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> Self {
+        let mut m = Self::new();
+        m.storage.insert(kind, text.to_string());
+        m
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClipboardBackend for MockClipboard {
+    fn store(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind, text: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        self.stores.push((kind, text.to_string()));
+        self.storage.insert(kind, text.to_string());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn load(&mut self, kind: ClipboardKind) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+        self.loads.push(kind);
+        if self.fail_load {
+            anyhow::bail!("mock clipboard read failure");
+        }
+        Ok(self.storage.get(&kind).cloned().unwrap_or_default())
+    }
+
+    fn describe(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "mock"
+    }
+
+    fn as_any(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn std::any::Any> {
+        Some(self)
+    }
+}
+
+// ─── base64 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const B64: &[u8; 64] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+/// Minimal standard base64 encoder (with padding). Enough for OSC 52; no
+/// need to pull in a crate for ~20 lines.
+pub fn base64_encode(data: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::with_capacity(data.len().div_ceil(3) * 4);
+    for chunk in data.chunks(3) {
+        let b0 = chunk[0] as u32;
+        let b1 = chunk.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0) as u32;
+        let b2 = chunk.get(2).copied().unwrap_or(0) as u32;
+        let n = (b0 << 16) | (b1 << 8) | b2;
+        out.push(B64[(n >> 18) as usize & 63] as char);
+        out.push(B64[(n >> 12) as usize & 63] as char);
+        if chunk.len() > 1 {
+            out.push(B64[(n >> 6) as usize & 63] as char);
+        } else {
+            out.push('=');
+        }
+        if chunk.len() > 2 {
+            out.push(B64[n as usize & 63] as char);
+        } else {
+            out.push('=');
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+// ─── paste sanitation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Sanitize text before pasting it into a PTY.
+///
+/// - C0 control characters other than `\t`, `\n` are stripped (they could
+///   inject escape sequences or signals into the child).
+/// - C1 control characters (0x80–0x9F as raw bytes in UTF-8 can't occur;
+///   as decoded chars they can) are stripped for the same reason.
+/// - `\r\n` and lone `\r` are normalized to `\n` — shells treat a raw `\r`
+///   as a cursor return, which corrupts the command line.
+/// - Trailing whitespace is trimmed so a trailing newline doesn't fire the
+///   command immediately (matching what users expect from "paste").
+pub fn sanitize_paste(text: &str) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::with_capacity(text.len());
+    let mut chars = text.chars().peekable();
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        match c {
+            '\r' => {
+                if chars.peek() == Some(&'\n') {
+                    chars.next(); // swallow the \n of \r\n
+                }
+                out.push('\n');
+            }
+            '\t' | '\n' => out.push(c),
+            c if (c as u32) < 0x20 => { /* strip other C0 */ }
+            c if ('\u{7f}'..'\u{a0}').contains(&c) => { /* strip DEL + C1 */ }
+            c => out.push(c),
+        }
+    }
+    // Drop ONE trailing newline so paste doesn't auto-submit; keep the rest.
+    let trimmed = out.trim_end_matches([' ', '\t']);
+    trimmed.strip_suffix('\n').map(|s| s.to_string()).unwrap_or_else(|| trimmed.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Wrap text in bracketed-paste markers (`ESC[200~ … ESC[201~`).
+pub fn bracket(text: &str) -> String {
+    format!("\x1b[200~{text}\x1b[201~")
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn base64_known_vectors() {
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b""), "");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"f"), "Zg==");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"fo"), "Zm8=");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"foo"), "Zm9v");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"foob"), "Zm9vYg==");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"fooba"), "Zm9vYmE=");
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"foobar"), "Zm9vYmFy");
+        // RFC 4648 test vectors.
+        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"hello world"), "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mock_store_and_load() {
+        let mut m = MockClipboard::new();
+        m.store(ClipboardKind::Clipboard, "abc").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(m.load(ClipboardKind::Clipboard).unwrap(), "abc");
+        assert_eq!(m.stores.len(), 1);
+        // Primary is a different clipboard.
+        assert_eq!(m.load(ClipboardKind::Primary).unwrap(), "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_strips_control_chars() {
+        // ESC from a pasted arrow-key sequence is stripped; the rest kept.
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("ls\x1b[Afoo"), "ls[Afoo");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("echo\x07 hi"), "echo hi");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("a\x00b"), "ab");
+        // C1 controls are stripped too.
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("a\u{9c}b"), "ab");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_normalizes_newlines() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("one\r\ntwo"), "one\ntwo");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("one\rtwo"), "one\ntwo");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_strips_single_trailing_newline_only() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("cmd\n"), "cmd");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("cmd\n\n"), "cmd\n");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("cmd"), "cmd");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_keeps_tabs_and_interior_newlines() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_paste("a\tb\nc"), "a\tb\nc");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bracket_wraps() {
+        assert_eq!(bracket("x"), "\x1b[200~x\x1b[201~");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn argv_expansion_for_primary() {
+        let spec = &tool_specs()[0]; // xclip
+        let cb = expand_argv(&spec.copy, ClipboardKind::Clipboard, &spec.primary_flag);
+        assert_eq!(cb, vec!["xclip", "-in", "-selection", "clipboard"]);
+        let pr = expand_argv(&spec.copy, ClipboardKind::Primary, &spec.primary_flag);
+        assert_eq!(pr, vec!["xclip", "-in", "-selection", "primary"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn osc52_sequence_format() {
+        // "hi" → base64 "aGk="
+        let text = "hi";
+        let seq = format!("\x1b]52;c;{}\x07", base64_encode(text.as_bytes()));
+        assert_eq!(seq, "\x1b]52;c;aGk=\x07");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/command.rs b/src/command.rs
index b9eb640..b6cd0b3 100644
--- a/src/command.rs
+++ b/src/command.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@ pub enum Command {
     ToggleBroadcastGroup(String),
     /// Tag the active tab with a group name.
     TagActiveTab(String),
+    /// Copy the active selection to the system clipboard.
+    CopySelection,
+    /// Paste the system clipboard into the terminal.
+    PasteClipboard,
+    /// Paste the X11 primary (middle-click) selection into the terminal.
+    PastePrimary,
+    /// Scroll the viewport one line up (into scrollback).
+    ScrollLineUp,
+    /// Scroll the viewport one line down (toward the live bottom).
+    ScrollLineDown,
+    /// Scroll the viewport one page up.
+    ScrollPageUp,
+    /// Scroll the viewport one page down.
+    ScrollPageDown,
+    /// Jump the viewport to the top of the scrollback.
+    ScrollToTop,
+    /// Jump the viewport back to the live bottom.
+    ScrollToBottom,
     /// Open the command palette.
     OpenPalette,
     /// Reset the active terminal (clear + send RIS).
@@ -80,6 +98,15 @@ impl Command {
             CommandEntry { command: Command::GotoTab(3),         name: "Go to Tab 4",                category: "Tabs" },
             CommandEntry { command: Command::GotoTab(4),         name: "Go to Tab 5",                category: "Tabs" },
             CommandEntry { command: Command::ToggleBroadcastAll, name: "Toggle Broadcast (All)",     category: "Broadcast" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::CopySelection,      name: "Copy Selection",             category: "Clipboard" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::PasteClipboard,     name: "Paste from Clipboard",       category: "Clipboard" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::PastePrimary,       name: "Paste Primary Selection",    category: "Clipboard" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollLineUp,       name: "Scroll Line Up",             category: "Scrollback" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollLineDown,     name: "Scroll Line Down",           category: "Scrollback" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollPageUp,       name: "Scroll Page Up",             category: "Scrollback" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollPageDown,     name: "Scroll Page Down",           category: "Scrollback" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollToTop,        name: "Scroll to Top",              category: "Scrollback" },
+            CommandEntry { command: Command::ScrollToBottom,     name: "Scroll to Bottom",           category: "Scrollback" },
             CommandEntry { command: Command::ResetTerminal,      name: "Reset Terminal",             category: "Terminal" },
             CommandEntry { command: Command::OpenPalette,        name: "Open Command Palette",       category: "UI" },
             CommandEntry { command: Command::Quit,               name: "Quit",                       category: "App" },
@@ -99,6 +126,15 @@ impl fmt::Display for Command {
             Command::ToggleBroadcastAll => write!(f, "Toggle Broadcast (All)"),
             Command::ToggleBroadcastGroup(g) => write!(f, "Toggle Broadcast ({g})"),
             Command::TagActiveTab(g) => write!(f, "Tag Tab → {g}"),
+            Command::CopySelection => write!(f, "Copy Selection"),
+            Command::PasteClipboard => write!(f, "Paste from Clipboard"),
+            Command::PastePrimary => write!(f, "Paste Primary Selection"),
+            Command::ScrollLineUp => write!(f, "Scroll Line Up"),
+            Command::ScrollLineDown => write!(f, "Scroll Line Down"),
+            Command::ScrollPageUp => write!(f, "Scroll Page Up"),
+            Command::ScrollPageDown => write!(f, "Scroll Page Down"),
+            Command::ScrollToTop => write!(f, "Scroll to Top"),
+            Command::ScrollToBottom => write!(f, "Scroll to Bottom"),
             Command::OpenPalette => write!(f, "Open Command Palette"),
             Command::ResetTerminal => write!(f, "Reset Terminal"),
             Command::Quit => write!(f, "Quit"),
diff --git a/src/config.rs b/src/config.rs
index ae7e08a..9bccb02 100644
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ pub struct Config {
     /// backend (wgpu or softbuffer). Ignored by the TUI backend.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub transparency: TransparencyConfig,
+    /// Clipboard (copy/paste) configuration.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub clipboard: ClipboardConfig,
     /// GPU detection and rendering configuration.
     ///
     /// Controls how the wgpu backend probes for hardware and what
@@ -69,6 +72,41 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub gpu: GpuConfig,
 }
 
+/// Clipboard behavior configuration (`[clipboard]` in config.toml).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ClipboardConfig {
+    /// Copy the selection to the clipboard as soon as the mouse button is
+    /// released (classic xterm/mrxvt behavior).
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub copy_on_select: bool,
+    /// Mirror every copy to the host terminal via OSC 52. This is what
+    /// makes copy work over SSH — the *client's* terminal performs the
+    /// clipboard write.
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub osc52: bool,
+    /// Allow programs inside the terminal to *read* the clipboard via
+    /// OSC 52 queries (DECSET-style paste requests from tmux/nvim).
+    /// Disabled by default, matching xterm's secure default; copying
+    /// *out* is always allowed.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub osc52_read: bool,
+    /// Explicit clipboard tool to use (`"xclip"`, `"xsel"`, `"wl-copy"`).
+    /// Empty = auto-detect in priority order.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub tool: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for ClipboardConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            copy_on_select: true,
+            osc52: true,
+            osc52_read: false,
+            tool: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Transparency config (re-exported here so users don't need to import from
 /// the ui module when writing config files).
 #[cfg(feature = "gpu")]
@@ -150,6 +188,7 @@ impl Default for Config {
             default_profile: default_profile(),
             macros: HashMap::new(),
             transparency: TransparencyConfig::default(),
+            clipboard: ClipboardConfig::default(),
             gpu: GpuConfig::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -238,7 +277,7 @@ fn default_shell() -> String {
 }
 
 /// A named profile. The `default` profile is consulted when no `--exec` is given.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Profile {
     /// Command line (split on whitespace; no shell semantics).
     /// If empty, falls back to `terminal.shell`.
@@ -250,9 +289,32 @@ pub struct Profile {
     /// Optional tag for grouped broadcasting.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub tag: Option<String>,
-    /// Environment overrides (`KEY=value`).
+    /// Environment overrides (`KEY=value`). Applied after the inherited
+    /// environment and after the built-in `TERM`/`COLORTERM` defaults, so
+    /// profiles can override them.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub env: HashMap<String, String>,
+    /// When `command` is empty (default shell), run it as a **login shell**
+    /// (argv0 `-bash`). Login shells source `/etc/profile` and
+    /// `~/.bash_profile`, which is where distros export the GUI session
+    /// environment (D-Bus address, flatpak/snap paths, XDG data dirs).
+    /// This is the classic mrxvt default (`loginShell: True`) and it is
+    /// what makes GUI apps launched from rs-mrxvt find their display
+    /// environment. Only meaningful for the default shell.
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub login_shell: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Profile {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            command: Vec::new(),
+            cwd: None,
+            tag: None,
+            env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: true,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Abstraction over config sources so we can later swap TOML for Lua without
@@ -300,9 +362,8 @@ impl Config {
     /// file extension (`.lua` → Lua, `.toml` or anything else → TOML).
     pub fn load(path: Option<&Path>) -> Result<Self> {
         #[cfg(feature = "lua")]
-        {
-            return crate::config_lua::load_config_smart(path);
-        }
+        return crate::config_lua::load_config_smart(path);
+
         #[cfg(not(feature = "lua"))]
         {
             let path = path.map(|p| p.to_path_buf()).unwrap_or_else(Self::default_path);
@@ -321,6 +382,7 @@ impl Config {
                 cwd: None,
                 tag: None,
                 env: HashMap::new(),
+                login_shell: true,
             },
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/config_lua.rs b/src/config_lua.rs
index 6fd3c82..79bfff8 100644
--- a/src/config_lua.rs
+++ b/src/config_lua.rs
@@ -151,6 +151,17 @@ pub fn parse_lua_config(source: &str) -> Result<Config> {
         };
     }
 
+    // clipboard = { copy_on_select = bool, osc52 = bool, osc52_read = bool, tool = "..." }
+    if let Some(Value::Table(t)) = opt_value(&table, "clipboard") {
+        let d = crate::config::ClipboardConfig::default();
+        cfg.clipboard = crate::config::ClipboardConfig {
+            copy_on_select: opt_bool(&t, "copy_on_select").unwrap_or(d.copy_on_select),
+            osc52: opt_bool(&t, "osc52").unwrap_or(d.osc52),
+            osc52_read: opt_bool(&t, "osc52_read").unwrap_or(d.osc52_read),
+            tool: opt_string(&t, "tool").or(d.tool),
+        };
+    }
+
     // default_profile = "..."
     if let Some(s) = opt_string(&table, "default_profile") {
         cfg.default_profile = s;
@@ -166,6 +177,7 @@ pub fn parse_lua_config(source: &str) -> Result<Config> {
                 let cwd = opt_string(&pt, "cwd").map(PathBuf::from);
                 let tag = opt_string(&pt, "tag");
                 let env = opt_string_map(&pt, "env").unwrap_or_default();
+                let login_shell = opt_bool(&pt, "login_shell").unwrap_or(true);
                 cfg.profiles.insert(
                     k,
                     Profile {
@@ -173,6 +185,7 @@ pub fn parse_lua_config(source: &str) -> Result<Config> {
                         cwd,
                         tag,
                         env,
+                        login_shell,
                     },
                 );
             }
diff --git a/src/config_watch.rs b/src/config_watch.rs
index aa9f48a..270446c 100644
--- a/src/config_watch.rs
+++ b/src/config_watch.rs
@@ -139,9 +139,8 @@ impl Drop for ConfigWatcher {
 /// Load the config at the given path, picking the parser by extension.
 fn load_config_at(path: &Path) -> Result<Config> {
     #[cfg(feature = "lua")]
-    {
-        return crate::config_lua::load_config_smart(Some(path));
-    }
+    return crate::config_lua::load_config_smart(Some(path));
+
     #[cfg(not(feature = "lua"))]
     {
         let raw = if path.exists() {
diff --git a/src/images.rs b/src/images.rs
index bfcab54..d582196 100644
--- a/src/images.rs
+++ b/src/images.rs
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ impl InlineImage {
             .read_image(&mut pixels)
             .map_err(ImageError::Decode)?;
 
-        let cell_width = (w + cell_w_px - 1) / cell_w_px;
-        let cell_height = (h + cell_h_px - 1) / cell_h_px;
+        let cell_width = w.div_ceil(cell_w_px);
+        let cell_height = h.div_ceil(cell_h_px);
 
         Ok(Self {
             pixels,
@@ -258,16 +258,8 @@ pub fn parse_iterm2_sequence(
             let key = &kv[..eq];
             let value = &kv[eq + 1..];
             match key {
-                "width" => {
-                    if value != "auto" {
-                        width_cells = value.parse().ok();
-                    }
-                }
-                "height" => {
-                    if value != "auto" {
-                        height_cells = value.parse().ok();
-                    }
-                }
+                "width" if value != "auto" => width_cells = value.parse().ok(),
+                "height" if value != "auto" => height_cells = value.parse().ok(),
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/input/bindings.rs b/src/input/bindings.rs
index 51f58e5..099966e 100644
--- a/src/input/bindings.rs
+++ b/src/input/bindings.rs
@@ -258,6 +258,19 @@ impl KeyBindingTable {
         t.bind("Alt+Left", Command::PrevTab);
         t.bind("Alt+Right", Command::NextTab);
 
+        // Clipboard: the modern xterm/ghostty-class chords, plus the
+        // classic Insert-key aliases.
+        t.bind("Ctrl+Shift+C", Command::CopySelection);
+        t.bind("Ctrl+Shift+V", Command::PasteClipboard);
+        t.bind("Ctrl+Insert", Command::CopySelection);
+        t.bind("Shift+Insert", Command::PasteClipboard);
+
+        // Scrollback navigation (xterm-style Shift-modified navigation keys).
+        t.bind("Shift+PageUp", Command::ScrollPageUp);
+        t.bind("Shift+PageDown", Command::ScrollPageDown);
+        t.bind("Shift+Home", Command::ScrollToTop);
+        t.bind("Shift+End", Command::ScrollToBottom);
+
         t
     }
 
@@ -404,4 +417,44 @@ mod tests {
         let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('x'), KeyModifiers::ALT);
         assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), None);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn copy_paste_chords_bound() {
+        let t = KeyBindingTable::defaults();
+        // crossterm reports Ctrl+Shift+C with an uppercase char.
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('C'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL | KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::CopySelection));
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('V'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL | KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::PasteClipboard));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn insert_key_clipboard_aliases_bound() {
+        let t = KeyBindingTable::defaults();
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Insert, KeyModifiers::CONTROL);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::CopySelection));
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Insert, KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::PasteClipboard));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shift_page_keys_scroll_scrollback() {
+        let t = KeyBindingTable::defaults();
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::PageUp, KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::ScrollPageUp));
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::PageDown, KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::ScrollPageDown));
+        // Unshifted PageUp passes through to the child.
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::PageUp, KeyModifiers::empty());
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shift_home_end_jump_scrollback() {
+        let t = KeyBindingTable::defaults();
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Home, KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::ScrollToTop));
+        let ev = KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::End, KeyModifiers::SHIFT);
+        assert_eq!(t.resolve(ev), Some(Command::ScrollToBottom));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index c8fa2e2..c6b953f 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 //! - [`command`]  — The `Command` enum consumed by the command palette and keybindings.
 
 pub mod cli;
+pub mod clipboard;
 pub mod command;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod config_watch;
diff --git a/src/mouse.rs b/src/mouse.rs
index c7e0726..00a3101 100644
--- a/src/mouse.rs
+++ b/src/mouse.rs
@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ pub enum MouseEventKind {
 /// flag — actually for SGR we just encode button+mods, motion is a separate
 /// M vs m signal).
 pub fn encode_sgr(ev: MouseEvent, mode: MouseMode) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    if !mode.sgr {
+        // SGR encoding was not negotiated; fall back to legacy elsewhere.
+        return None;
+    }
     let code = button_code(ev.button, ev.mods);
     let suffix = match ev.kind {
         MouseEventKind::Press => {
@@ -184,11 +188,24 @@ pub fn encode_x11(ev: MouseEvent, mode: MouseMode) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
     if !_should {
         return None;
     }
-    let mut code = button_code(ev.button, ev.mods);
-    if ev.kind == MouseEventKind::Motion {
-        code |= 32; // motion flag
+    // Legacy protocol encodes release as button 3 ("no button") and motion
+    // with bit 5 set, regardless of the actual button.
+    let mod_bits = {
+        let mut bits = 0u32;
+        if ev.mods.shift { bits |= 4; }
+        if ev.mods.alt { bits |= 8; }
+        if ev.mods.ctrl { bits |= 16; }
+        bits
+    };
+    let mut code = match ev.kind {
+        MouseEventKind::Release => 3 | mod_bits,
+        MouseEventKind::Motion => 32 | button_code(ev.button, MouseMods::default()) | mod_bits,
+        MouseEventKind::Press => button_code(ev.button, MouseMods::default()) | mod_bits,
+    };
+    if code > 255 - 32 {
+        code = 255 - 32;
     }
-    let b = (code.min(255 - 32) + 32) as u8;
+    let b = (code + 32) as u8;
     // Coords: 1-indexed, clamped to 1..223 (bytes 33..255 after +32).
     // Clamp to 223 so that 223 + 32 = 255 = u8::MAX (no overflow).
     let col_clamped = (ev.col.saturating_add(1)).clamp(1, 223);
@@ -215,13 +232,41 @@ fn button_code(button: MouseButton, mods: MouseMods) -> u32 {
 
 // ─── Selection state machine ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// A text selection. Used by renderers for click-drag-to-select.
+/// A point in the terminal grid (not the viewport). `line` uses the
+/// alacritty grid convention: `Line(0)` is the top visible row when the
+/// display offset is 0, and negative values reach into scrollback history.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct SelPoint {
+    pub line: i32,
+    pub col: usize,
+}
+
+/// How the selection was made — decides how it renders and copies.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SelectionKind {
+    /// Click-drag: character granularity, line-based span.
+    #[default]
+    Simple,
+    /// Double-click: expanded to word boundaries.
+    Word,
+    /// Triple-click: whole lines.
+    Line,
+}
+
+/// A text selection in grid coordinates.
+///
+/// `anchor` is where the gesture began; `head` is the current extent. The
+/// pair is normalized on demand so the selection is direction-independent.
+/// The span is **line-based** (like every mainstream terminal): the first
+/// and last lines are partially selected between the two points, and every
+/// line between them is fully selected.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Selection {
-    /// Start point (cell coords). `None` = no active selection.
-    pub start: Option<(u32, u32)>,
-    /// End point (cell coords). `None` = single-click.
-    pub end: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+    pub kind: SelectionKind,
+    /// Where the gesture began. `None` = no active selection.
+    pub anchor: Option<SelPoint>,
+    /// Current extent (`None` while the gesture hasn't moved).
+    pub head: Option<SelPoint>,
 }
 
 impl Selection {
@@ -229,47 +274,91 @@ impl Selection {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    /// Begin a selection at the given cell.
-    pub fn begin(&mut self, col: u32, row: u32) {
-        self.start = Some((col, row));
-        self.end = Some((col, row));
+    /// Begin a selection of the given kind at a grid point.
+    pub fn begin(&mut self, kind: SelectionKind, p: SelPoint) {
+        self.kind = kind;
+        self.anchor = Some(p);
+        self.head = Some(p);
     }
 
-    /// Extend the selection to the given cell.
-    pub fn extend(&mut self, col: u32, row: u32) {
-        if self.start.is_some() {
-            self.end = Some((col, row));
+    /// Extend the selection to a grid point (mouse drag / motion).
+    pub fn extend(&mut self, p: SelPoint) {
+        if self.anchor.is_some() {
+            self.head = Some(p);
         }
     }
 
+    /// Replace both endpoints (used for word/line re-selection on drag).
+    pub fn set_span(&mut self, kind: SelectionKind, a: SelPoint, b: SelPoint) {
+        self.kind = kind;
+        self.anchor = Some(a);
+        self.head = Some(b);
+    }
+
     /// Clear the selection.
     pub fn clear(&mut self) {
-        self.start = None;
-        self.end = None;
+        self.anchor = None;
+        self.head = None;
     }
 
     /// Is there an active selection?
     pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
-        self.start.is_some() && self.end.is_some()
+        self.anchor.is_some() && self.head.is_some()
     }
 
-    /// Iterate over the selected cells in row-major order.
-    pub fn cells(&self) -> Vec<(u32, u32)> {
-        let Some((sx, sy)) = self.start else { return Vec::new(); };
-        let Some((ex, ey)) = self.end else { return Vec::new(); };
-        // Normalize: top-left to bottom-right.
-        let (x1, y1) = (sx.min(ex), sy.min(ey));
-        let (x2, y2) = (sx.max(ex), sy.max(ey));
-        (y1..=y2).flat_map(|y| (x1..=x2).map(move |x| (x, y))).collect()
+    /// Anchor/head ordered top-left → bottom-right.
+    pub fn normalized(&self) -> Option<(SelPoint, SelPoint)> {
+        let a = self.anchor?;
+        let b = self.head?;
+        if (b.line, b.col) < (a.line, a.col) {
+            Some((b, a))
+        } else {
+            Some((a, b))
+        }
     }
 
     /// True if the selection spans more than one cell.
     pub fn is_multi_cell(&self) -> bool {
-        if let (Some(s), Some(e)) = (self.start, self.end) {
-            s != e
-        } else {
-            false
+        self.normalized().map(|(a, b)| a != b).unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    /// For a given grid line, the selected column range `[start, end)`
+    /// (half-open), or `None` if the line isn't selected. `cols` is the
+    /// grid width, used for fully-selected interior lines.
+    pub fn line_span(&self, line: i32, cols: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+        let (a, b) = self.normalized()?;
+        if line < a.line || line > b.line {
+            return None;
         }
+        let (start, end) = match self.kind {
+            SelectionKind::Line => (0, cols),
+            SelectionKind::Simple | SelectionKind::Word => {
+                if a.line == b.line {
+                    (a.col, b.col + 1)
+                } else if line == a.line {
+                    (a.col, cols)
+                } else if line == b.line {
+                    (0, b.col + 1)
+                } else {
+                    (0, cols)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        Some((start, end.min(cols)))
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over the selected grid lines (inclusive range).
+    pub fn lines(&self) -> Vec<i32> {
+        match self.normalized() {
+            Some((a, b)) => (a.line..=b.line).collect(),
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Does this line fall inside the selection at all? (Cheap check for
+    /// renderers deciding whether to inspect a row.)
+    pub fn includes_line(&self, line: i32) -> bool {
+        self.normalized().map(|(a, b)| line >= a.line && line <= b.line).unwrap_or(false)
     }
 }
 
@@ -389,6 +478,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(encode_sgr(ev, mode).is_none());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn sgr_skipped_when_sgr_not_negotiated() {
+        // X11 reporting on but SGR off → SGR encoder must not fire; the
+        // caller falls back to the legacy encoder.
+        let ev = MouseEvent {
+            button: MouseButton::Left,
+            col: 0, row: 0,
+            mods: MouseMods::default(),
+            kind: MouseEventKind::Press,
+        };
+        let mode = MouseMode { x11: true, ..Default::default() };
+        assert!(encode_sgr(ev, mode).is_none());
+        assert!(encode_x11(ev, mode).is_some());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn x11_legacy_encoding() {
         let ev = MouseEvent {
@@ -423,48 +527,94 @@ mod tests {
     fn selection_begin_and_extend() {
         let mut s = Selection::new();
         assert!(!s.is_active());
-        s.begin(0, 0);
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 0, col: 0 });
         assert!(s.is_active());
-        s.extend(5, 2);
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: 2, col: 5 });
         assert!(s.is_multi_cell());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn selection_cells_row_major() {
+    fn selection_line_span_single_row() {
         let mut s = Selection::new();
-        s.begin(0, 0);
-        s.extend(2, 1);
-        let cells = s.cells();
-        // 3 cols × 2 rows = 6 cells.
-        assert_eq!(cells.len(), 6);
-        assert!(cells.contains(&(0, 0)));
-        assert!(cells.contains(&(2, 1)));
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 3, col: 2 });
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: 3, col: 5 });
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(3, 80), Some((2, 6)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(2, 80), None);
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(4, 80), None);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn selection_normalizes_swapped_points() {
+    fn selection_line_span_multi_row_partial_ends() {
         let mut s = Selection::new();
-        s.begin(5, 5);
-        s.extend(1, 1);
-        let cells = s.cells();
-        // Should still cover the same rectangle regardless of direction.
-        assert_eq!(cells.len(), 5 * 5);
-        assert!(cells.contains(&(1, 1)));
-        assert!(cells.contains(&(5, 5)));
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 1, col: 10 });
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: 3, col: 4 });
+        // First row: from col 10 to end of line.
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(1, 80), Some((10, 80)));
+        // Interior row: full width.
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(2, 80), Some((0, 80)));
+        // Last row: start to col 4 inclusive.
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(3, 80), Some((0, 5)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(0, 80), None);
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(4, 80), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn selection_direction_independent() {
+        let mut s = Selection::new();
+        // Drag bottom-right → top-left; spans must match the forward drag.
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 3, col: 4 });
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: 1, col: 10 });
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(1, 80), Some((10, 80)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(2, 80), Some((0, 80)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(3, 80), Some((0, 5)));
+        let (a, b) = s.normalized().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((a.line, a.col), (1, 10));
+        assert_eq!((b.line, b.col), (3, 4));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn line_selection_spans_full_rows() {
+        let mut s = Selection::new();
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Line, SelPoint { line: 2, col: 30 });
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: 4, col: 1 });
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(2, 80), Some((0, 80)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(3, 80), Some((0, 80)));
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(4, 80), Some((0, 80)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn word_selection_uses_point_bounds() {
+        // Word selections store pre-expanded boundaries, so the span logic
+        // is identical to Simple between those bounds.
+        let mut s = Selection::new();
+        s.set_span(SelectionKind::Word, SelPoint { line: 0, col: 4 }, SelPoint { line: 0, col: 9 });
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(0, 80), Some((4, 10)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn selection_lines_iterates_inclusive() {
+        let mut s = Selection::new();
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: -5, col: 0 });
+        s.extend(SelPoint { line: -3, col: 0 });
+        assert_eq!(s.lines(), vec![-5, -4, -3]);
+        assert!(s.includes_line(-4));
+        assert!(!s.includes_line(-2));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn selection_clear() {
         let mut s = Selection::new();
-        s.begin(0, 0);
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 0, col: 0 });
         s.clear();
         assert!(!s.is_active());
+        assert!(!s.is_multi_cell());
+        assert_eq!(s.line_span(0, 80), None);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn selection_single_cell_not_multi() {
         let mut s = Selection::new();
-        s.begin(3, 3);
+        s.begin(SelectionKind::Simple, SelPoint { line: 3, col: 3 });
         assert!(!s.is_multi_cell());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/session.rs b/src/session.rs
index 48e1c27..2ed4ec4 100644
--- a/src/session.rs
+++ b/src/session.rs
@@ -35,18 +35,58 @@
 //! The renderers read this state each frame to draw selection highlights,
 //! underline hyperlinks, and composite inline images.
 
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
 use crate::hyperlinks::HyperlinkStore;
-use crate::mouse::{MouseMode, Selection};
+use crate::mouse::{MouseMode, Selection, SelectionKind};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "images")]
 use crate::images::ImageStore;
 
+/// Multi-click window: clicks within this gap count as double/triple clicks.
+pub const MULTI_CLICK_WINDOW: Duration = Duration::from_millis(400);
+
+/// Tracks click cadence to distinguish single / double / triple clicks.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ClickTracker {
+    last_at: Option<Instant>,
+    count: u8,
+}
+
+impl ClickTracker {
+    /// Register a click; returns the selection kind it implies.
+    pub fn register(&mut self, now: Instant) -> SelectionKind {
+        let within = self
+            .last_at
+            .map(|t| now.duration_since(t) < MULTI_CLICK_WINDOW)
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        self.count = if within { self.count.saturating_add(1) } else { 1 };
+        self.last_at = Some(now);
+        match self.count % 3 {
+            1 => SelectionKind::Simple,
+            2 => SelectionKind::Word,
+            _ => SelectionKind::Line,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The current click count in the active cadence window.
+    pub fn count(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.count
+    }
+}
+
 /// Bundle of session state shared between App, PTY reader, and renderers.
 pub struct SessionState {
     /// Current mouse reporting mode (set by the child via DECSET).
+    ///
+    /// Note: the authoritative source is the active tab's `TermMode`
+    /// (see `TerminalTab::mouse_mode`); this copy exists for renderers
+    /// and headless use.
     pub mouse_mode: MouseMode,
     /// Active text selection (when mouse reporting is off).
     pub selection: Selection,
+    /// Click-cadence tracker for double/triple-click selection.
+    pub clicks: ClickTracker,
     /// OSC 8 hyperlinks seen in the PTY stream.
     pub hyperlinks: HyperlinkStore,
     /// Inline images (iTerm2 + Sixel). Only available with `--features images`.
@@ -65,6 +105,7 @@ impl SessionState {
         Self {
             mouse_mode: MouseMode::default(),
             selection: Selection::new(),
+            clicks: ClickTracker::default(),
             hyperlinks: HyperlinkStore::new(),
             #[cfg(feature = "images")]
             images: ImageStore::new(),
@@ -99,7 +140,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn reset_clears_everything() {
         let mut s = SessionState::new();
-        s.selection.begin(0, 0);
+        s.selection.begin(crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple, crate::mouse::SelPoint { line: 0, col: 0 });
         s.hyperlinks.add(crate::hyperlinks::Hyperlink {
             uri: "x".into(),
             id: None,
@@ -120,4 +161,27 @@ mod tests {
         s.mouse_mode.x11 = false;
         assert!(!s.mouse_mode.any_reporting());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn click_tracker_cycles_kinds() {
+        let mut t = ClickTracker::default();
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        assert_eq!(t.register(now), crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple);
+        assert_eq!(t.register(now + Duration::from_millis(100)), crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Word);
+        assert_eq!(t.register(now + Duration::from_millis(200)), crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Line);
+        // Fourth click restarts the cycle.
+        assert_eq!(t.register(now + Duration::from_millis(300)), crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn click_tracker_resets_after_window() {
+        let mut t = ClickTracker::default();
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        assert_eq!(t.register(now), crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple);
+        // Beyond the 400ms window → single click again.
+        assert_eq!(
+            t.register(now + Duration::from_millis(500)),
+            crate::mouse::SelectionKind::Simple
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/sixel.rs b/src/sixel.rs
index c09fbff..b543f2f 100644
--- a/src/sixel.rs
+++ b/src/sixel.rs
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ pub fn parse_sixel(
     parser.feed(data)?;
     let (pixels, w, h) = parser.finalize();
 
-    let cell_width = (w + cell_w_px - 1) / cell_w_px;
-    let cell_height = (h + cell_h_px - 1) / cell_h_px;
+    let cell_width = w.div_ceil(cell_w_px);
+    let cell_height = h.div_ceil(cell_h_px);
 
     Ok(InlineImage {
         pixels,
diff --git a/src/terminal/manager.rs b/src/terminal/manager.rs
index b344521..307c5ba 100644
--- a/src/terminal/manager.rs
+++ b/src/terminal/manager.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 
+use alacritty_terminal::event::Event;
+use alacritty_terminal::grid::Scroll;
+
 use crate::command::Command;
 use crate::config::{Config, Profile};
 
@@ -189,31 +192,80 @@ impl TerminalManager {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Set a tab's title (from an OSC 0/2 title event).
+    pub fn set_title(&mut self, idx: usize, title: String) {
+        if let Some(t) = self.tabs.get_mut(idx) {
+            if !title.is_empty() {
+                t.title = title;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Restore a tab's default title (from a ResetTitle event).
+    pub fn reset_title(&mut self, idx: usize) {
+        if let Some(t) = self.tabs.get_mut(idx) {
+            t.title = t.default_title.clone();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Drain VT events from every tab, tagged with the tab index.
+    ///
+    /// Call once per event-loop tick after `poll_all`; the caller acts on
+    /// title changes, OSC 52 clipboard requests, bells, and PTY writes.
+    pub fn drain_events(&mut self) -> Vec<(usize, Event)> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        for (i, tab) in self.tabs.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            for ev in tab.drain_events() {
+                out.push((i, ev));
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
     /// Route input bytes to the appropriate tab(s) per the current broadcast mode.
+    ///
+    /// Tabs that receive *keyboard* input are also scrolled back to the live
+    /// bottom (the classic terminal behavior: typing snaps you out of
+    /// scrollback review).
     pub fn route_input(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
         match &self.broadcast {
             BroadcastTarget::Active => {
-                if let Some(tab) = self.tabs.get(self.active) {
+                if let Some(tab) = self.tabs.get_mut(self.active) {
                     tab.write_input(data)?;
+                    tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
                 }
                 Ok(())
             }
             BroadcastTarget::All => {
-                self.tabs.iter()
-                    .find_map(|tab| tab.write_input(data).err())
-                    .map_or(Ok(()), Err)
+                for tab in &mut self.tabs {
+                    tab.write_input(data)?;
+                    tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
+                }
+                Ok(())
             }
             BroadcastTarget::Group(tag) => {
-                let tagged: Vec<_> = self.tabs.iter()
-                    .filter(|t| t.tag.as_deref() == Some(tag.as_str()))
+                let tagged: Vec<usize> = self
+                    .tabs
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .filter(|(_, t)| t.tag.as_deref() == Some(tag.as_str()))
+                    .map(|(i, _)| i)
                     .collect();
-                let first_err = tagged.iter().find_map(|tab| tab.write_input(data).err());
-                // If no tab matched the tag, fall back to active so the user
-                // isn't left typing into the void.
                 if tagged.is_empty() {
-                    if let Some(tab) = self.tabs.get(self.active) {
+                    // If no tab matched the tag, fall back to active so the
+                    // user isn't left typing into the void.
+                    if let Some(tab) = self.tabs.get_mut(self.active) {
                         tab.write_input(data)?;
+                        tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
                     }
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                let mut first_err = None;
+                for i in tagged {
+                    if let Err(e) = self.tabs[i].write_input(data) {
+                        first_err = first_err.or(Some(e));
+                    }
+                    self.tabs[i].scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
                 }
                 first_err.map_or(Ok(()), Err)
             }
@@ -330,6 +382,47 @@ impl TerminalManager {
                 }
                 Action::Continue
             }
+            Command::ScrollLineUp => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(1));
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            Command::ScrollLineDown => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(-1));
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            Command::ScrollPageUp => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::PageUp);
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            Command::ScrollPageDown => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::PageDown);
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            Command::ScrollToTop => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::Top);
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            Command::ScrollToBottom => {
+                if let Some(t) = self.active_tab_mut() {
+                    t.scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
+                }
+                Action::Continue
+            }
+            // Clipboard commands are handled at the App layer (they need
+            // access to the clipboard backend and session selection).
+            Command::CopySelection | Command::PasteClipboard | Command::PastePrimary => {
+                Action::Continue
+            }
             Command::OpenPalette => Action::Continue,
             Command::Quit => Action::Quit,
         }
@@ -355,6 +448,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/terminal/pty.rs b/src/terminal/pty.rs
index e9e589f..60b3866 100644
--- a/src/terminal/pty.rs
+++ b/src/terminal/pty.rs
@@ -144,38 +144,101 @@ impl PtySession {
 }
 
 fn build_command(profile: &Profile, fallback_shell: &str) -> Result<CommandBuilder> {
-    let argv: Vec<String> = if profile.command.is_empty() {
-        vec![fallback_shell.to_string()]
+    let mut cmd = if profile.command.is_empty() {
+        // Default shell. A login shell (argv0 `-bash`) sources /etc/profile
+        // and ~/.bash_profile, where distros export the GUI session
+        // environment (D-Bus, flatpak/snap paths, XDG dirs). Without it,
+        // GUI apps launched from rs-mrxvt can fail to find their display
+        // environment. This matches the classic mrxvt `loginShell: True`
+        // default.
+        if profile.login_shell {
+            CommandBuilder::new_default_prog()
+        } else {
+            CommandBuilder::new(fallback_shell)
+        }
     } else {
-        profile.command.clone()
+        // Explicit command (`-e CMD`, profiles): plain exec, no login shell.
+        let mut cmd = CommandBuilder::new(&profile.command[0]);
+        for arg in &profile.command[1..] {
+            cmd.arg(arg);
+        }
+        cmd
     };
 
-    let prog = argv[0].clone();
-    let mut cmd = CommandBuilder::new(&prog);
-    argv[1..].iter().for_each(|arg| { cmd.arg(arg); });
-
     // Working directory.
     if let Some(cwd) = &profile.cwd {
         cmd.cwd(cwd);
     }
 
-    // Environment overrides.
+    // We are the terminal emulator, so we own TERM: advertise the
+    // emulation we actually provide. Set the defaults *before* profile
+    // env overrides so a profile can still override them.
+    cmd.env("TERM", "xterm-256color");
+    cmd.env("COLORTERM", "truecolor");
+
+    // Environment overrides (last, so they win — including over TERM).
     for (k, v) in &profile.env {
         cmd.env(k, v);
     }
 
-    // Inherit TERM so programs know they're talking to a colour terminal.
-    cmd.env("TERM", "xterm-256color");
-    cmd.env("COLORTERM", "truecolor");
+    warn_if_no_graphical_env(&cmd);
 
     Ok(cmd)
 }
 
+/// One-time diagnostic when the child environment has no display vars.
+///
+/// The environment is inherited from rs-mrxvt's own process, so if neither
+/// `DISPLAY` nor `WAYLAND_DISPLAY` is set, rs-mrxvt itself was started from
+/// a non-graphical context (TTY, stripped service, `sudo`), and every GUI
+/// app launched from its tabs will refuse to start. Tell the user once,
+/// instead of leaving them to wonder why `firefox` "refuses to run".
+fn warn_if_no_graphical_env(cmd: &CommandBuilder) {
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+    static WARNED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+    let has_display = cmd
+        .get_env("DISPLAY")
+        .map(|v| !v.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let has_wayland = cmd
+        .get_env("WAYLAND_DISPLAY")
+        .map(|v| !v.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    if !has_display && !has_wayland && !WARNED.swap(true, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        log::warn!(
+            "neither DISPLAY nor WAYLAND_DISPLAY is set in the child environment; \
+             GUI apps launched from rs-mrxvt will not start \
+             (start rs-mrxvt from a graphical session)"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::config::Profile;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
+    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+    /// Read from the PTY until `needle` appears or the timeout hits.
+    fn read_until(session: &mut PtySession, needle: &str, timeout: Duration) -> String {
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + timeout;
+        let mut acc = String::new();
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 512];
+        while Instant::now() < deadline {
+            match session.reader.read(&mut buf) {
+                Ok(0) => break,
+                Ok(n) => {
+                    acc.push_str(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..n]));
+                    if acc.contains(needle) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break,
+            }
+        }
+        acc
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn build_command_uses_profile_command() {
@@ -184,6 +247,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         };
         let _cmd = build_command(&p, "/bin/sh").unwrap();
     }
@@ -194,6 +258,96 @@ mod tests {
         let _cmd = build_command(&p, "/bin/sh").unwrap();
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn default_shell_runs_as_login_shell() {
+        // Force sh as $SHELL so the login-shell path is deterministic
+        // (portable-pty resolves $SHELL from the builder env). The PTY echo
+        // shows the literal `MARK-$0`; the shell's own output expands it,
+        // so "MARK--" can only come from a login shell's argv0 ("‑sh").
+        let mut env = HashMap::new();
+        env.insert("SHELL".to_string(), "/bin/sh".to_string());
+        let p = Profile {
+            command: vec![],
+            cwd: None,
+            tag: None,
+            env,
+            login_shell: true,
+        };
+        let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
+        session.write_all(b"echo MARK-$0; exit\n").unwrap();
+        let out = read_until(&mut session, "MARK--", Duration::from_secs(5));
+        assert!(
+            out.contains("MARK--"),
+            "login shell should report $0 starting with '-', got: {out:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn login_shell_can_be_disabled() {
+        let mut env = HashMap::new();
+        env.insert("SHELL".to_string(), "/bin/sh".to_string());
+        let p = Profile {
+            command: vec![],
+            cwd: None,
+            tag: None,
+            env,
+            login_shell: false,
+        };
+        let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
+        session.write_all(b"echo MARK-$0; exit\n").unwrap();
+        // Non-login: $0 is the plain path ("/bin/sh"), never dash-prefixed.
+        let out = read_until(&mut session, "MARK-/", Duration::from_secs(5));
+        assert!(
+            out.contains("MARK-/") && !out.contains("MARK--"),
+            "non-login shell should have a plain $0, got: {out:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn child_env_matches_parent_for_display_vars() {
+        // Whatever display vars the parent has must reach the child —
+        // this is the invariant GUI apps depend on.
+        let p = Profile {
+            command: vec![
+                "sh".into(),
+                "-c".into(),
+                "printf 'D=%s|W=%s' \"${DISPLAY:-none}\" \"${WAYLAND_DISPLAY:-none}\"".into(),
+            ],
+            cwd: None,
+            tag: None,
+            env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
+        };
+        let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
+        let out = read_until(&mut session, "|W=", Duration::from_secs(5));
+        let want_display = std::env::var("DISPLAY").unwrap_or_else(|_| "none".into());
+        let want_wayland =
+            std::env::var("WAYLAND_DISPLAY").unwrap_or_else(|_| "none".into());
+        assert!(
+            out.contains(&format!("D={want_display}|W={want_wayland}")),
+            "child display env must match parent, got: {out:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn profile_env_overrides_term() {
+        let mut env = HashMap::new();
+        env.insert("TERM".to_string(), "myterm-9".to_string());
+        let p = Profile {
+            command: vec!["sh".into(), "-c".into(), "printf 'T=%s' \"$TERM\"".into()],
+            cwd: None,
+            tag: None,
+            env,
+            login_shell: false,
+        };
+        let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
+        let out = read_until(&mut session, "T=", Duration::from_secs(5));
+        assert!(
+            out.contains("T=myterm-9"),
+            "profile env must override the built-in TERM, got: {out:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn spawn_echo_and_read_output() {
         // Spawns `sh -c 'echo hello; exit 0'` and reads "hello\n".
@@ -202,6 +356,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         };
         let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
         let mut buf = [0u8; 64];
@@ -227,6 +382,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         };
         let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
 
@@ -265,6 +421,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         };
         let mut session = PtySession::spawn(&p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10).unwrap();
 
diff --git a/src/terminal/tab.rs b/src/terminal/tab.rs
index bbe0e27..2e32fd4 100644
--- a/src/terminal/tab.rs
+++ b/src/terminal/tab.rs
@@ -31,25 +31,46 @@
 //! [`TerminalTab::poll_pty`]. This avoids one stalled tab blocking the
 //! whole UI — a real-world failure mode of the original mrxvt.
 
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, TryRecvError};
 use std::thread;
 
 use alacritty_terminal::event::{Event, EventListener};
-use alacritty_terminal::grid::Dimensions;
-use alacritty_terminal::term::{Config as TermConfig, Term};
+use alacritty_terminal::grid::{Dimensions, Scroll};
+use alacritty_terminal::index::{Column, Line as ALine, Point as APoint};
+use alacritty_terminal::term::cell::{Cell, Flags as CellFlags};
+use alacritty_terminal::term::{Config as TermConfig, Term, TermMode};
 use alacritty_terminal::vte::ansi::Processor;
 
 use crate::config::Profile;
+use crate::mouse::{MouseMode, SelPoint, Selection};
 
 use super::pty::PtySession;
 
-/// Event listener that absorbs all VT events. We drive redraws ourselves,
-/// so we don't need to react to bell/OSC etc. in the MVP.
-#[derive(Clone, Default)]
-pub struct NoopListener;
+/// Default semantic escape chars for word (double-click) selection,
+/// mirroring alacritty's default.
+pub const SEMANTIC_ESCAPE_CHARS: &str = ",│`|:\"' ()[]{}<>\t";
 
-impl EventListener for NoopListener {
-    fn send_event(&self, _event: Event) {}
+/// Event listener that forwards VT events (title changes, OSC 52 clipboard
+/// requests, bell, …) into a channel the main loop drains after every PTY
+/// poll. This is what makes programs like tmux and nvim able to set the
+/// tab title or the system clipboard.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct EventForwarder(Option<mpsc::Sender<Event>>);
+
+impl EventForwarder {
+    fn channel() -> (Self, Receiver<Event>) {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+        (Self(Some(tx)), rx)
+    }
+}
+
+impl EventListener for EventForwarder {
+    fn send_event(&self, event: Event) {
+        if let Some(tx) = &self.0 {
+            let _ = tx.send(event);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// A simple Dimensions impl used to size the Term on creation/resize.
@@ -87,12 +108,19 @@ impl Dimensions for TermSize {
 pub struct TerminalTab {
     pub id: u32,
     pub title: String,
+    /// Title to restore when the child sends `ResetTitle` (OSC 0/2 without
+    /// an argument, or RIS).
+    pub default_title: String,
     pub tag: Option<String>,
     pub pty: PtySession,
-    pub term: Term<NoopListener>,
+    pub term: Term<EventForwarder>,
     parser: Processor,
     /// Channel fed by the reader thread.
     rx: Receiver<Vec<u8>>,
+    /// VT events forwarded by the [`EventForwarder`] during parsing.
+    events: Receiver<Event>,
+    /// Events drained from `events`, awaiting pickup by the main loop.
+    pending_events: VecDeque<Event>,
     /// Reader thread handle (kept so we can join on drop if needed).
     _reader_thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
     /// Tracks whether the child has exited.
@@ -116,9 +144,11 @@ impl TerminalTab {
         let term_cfg = TermConfig { scrolling_history: scrollback, ..TermConfig::default() };
 
         let size = TermSize::new(cols, rows);
-        let term = Term::new(term_cfg, &size, NoopListener);
+        let (listener, events) = EventForwarder::channel();
+        let term = Term::new(term_cfg, &size, listener);
 
         let id = NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        let default_title = title.clone();
 
         // Spawn a reader thread that does blocking reads and forwards bytes
         // through a channel. The main loop drains the channel without blocking.
@@ -156,11 +186,14 @@ impl TerminalTab {
         Ok(Self {
             id,
             title,
+            default_title,
             tag: profile.tag.clone(),
             pty,
             term,
             parser: Processor::new(),
             rx,
+            events,
+            pending_events: VecDeque::new(),
             _reader_thread: reader_thread,
             eof_seen: false,
         })
@@ -170,6 +203,10 @@ impl TerminalTab {
     ///
     /// Non-blocking: returns immediately with `Ok(0)` if no data is available.
     /// Returns `Ok(0)` with `eof_seen = true` after the child process exits.
+    ///
+    /// VT events emitted while parsing (title changes, OSC 52 clipboard
+    /// requests, …) are collected and can be picked up with
+    /// [`TerminalTab::drain_events`].
     pub fn poll_pty(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<usize> {
         let mut total = 0;
         loop {
@@ -178,9 +215,11 @@ impl TerminalTab {
                     if bytes.is_empty() {
                         // EOF sentinel from the reader thread.
                         self.eof_seen = true;
+                        self.drain_event_channel();
                         return Ok(total);
                     }
                     self.parser.advance(&mut self.term, &bytes);
+                    self.drain_event_channel();
                     total += bytes.len();
                 }
                 Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => return Ok(total),
@@ -192,6 +231,19 @@ impl TerminalTab {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Move events from the channel into the pending queue (non-blocking).
+    fn drain_event_channel(&mut self) {
+        while let Ok(ev) = self.events.try_recv() {
+            self.pending_events.push_back(ev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Take all VT events emitted since the last call.
+    pub fn drain_events(&mut self) -> Vec<Event> {
+        self.drain_event_channel();
+        self.pending_events.drain(..).collect()
+    }
+
     /// Send input to the child process.
     pub fn write_input(&self, data: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
         self.pty.write_all(data)
@@ -215,12 +267,189 @@ impl TerminalTab {
     pub fn is_dead(&self) -> bool {
         self.eof_seen
     }
+
+    // ─── mode bridges ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// The child's negotiated mouse-reporting mode, as a [`MouseMode`].
+    ///
+    /// Bridges alacritty's `TermMode` bits:
+    /// - `MOUSE_REPORT_CLICK` (DECSET 1000) → `x11`
+    /// - `MOUSE_DRAG` (1002) → `x11`
+    /// - `MOUSE_MOTION` (1003) → `motion`
+    /// - `SGR_MOUSE` (1006) → `sgr`
+    pub fn mouse_mode(&self) -> MouseMode {
+        let mode = self.term.mode();
+        MouseMode {
+            x10: false,
+            x11: mode.contains(TermMode::MOUSE_REPORT_CLICK)
+                || mode.contains(TermMode::MOUSE_DRAG),
+            motion: mode.contains(TermMode::MOUSE_MOTION),
+            sgr: mode.contains(TermMode::SGR_MOUSE),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Has the child enabled bracketed paste (DECSET 2004)?
+    pub fn bracketed_paste(&self) -> bool {
+        self.term.mode().contains(TermMode::BRACKETED_PASTE)
+    }
+
+    /// Is the alternate screen active (e.g. vim, less, htop)?
+    pub fn alternate_screen(&self) -> bool {
+        self.term.mode().contains(TermMode::ALT_SCREEN)
+    }
+
+    /// Does the child want wheel events translated to arrow keys while on
+    /// the alternate screen (DECSET 1007, on by default)?
+    pub fn alternate_scroll(&self) -> bool {
+        self.term.mode().contains(TermMode::ALTERNATE_SCROLL)
+    }
+
+    // ─── scrolling ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// Scroll the viewport within the scrollback buffer.
+    pub fn scroll_display(&mut self, scroll: Scroll) {
+        self.term.scroll_display(scroll);
+    }
+
+    /// Lines of scrollback the viewport is currently raised by.
+    pub fn display_offset(&self) -> usize {
+        self.term.grid().display_offset()
+    }
+
+    /// True when the viewport is sitting at the live bottom.
+    pub fn at_bottom(&self) -> bool {
+        self.display_offset() == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Wheel scroll: one notch. On the alternate screen with alternate-scroll
+    /// enabled this is forwarded as arrow keys instead (so `less`/`vim`
+    /// scroll); otherwise it moves the scrollback viewport.
+    pub fn wheel_scroll(&mut self, up: bool) {
+        if self.alternate_screen() && self.alternate_scroll() {
+            // 3 arrows per notch, matching the common xterm/mrxvt default.
+            let seq: &[u8] = if up { b"\x1b[A" } else { b"\x1b[B" };
+            let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(seq.len() * 3);
+            for _ in 0..3 {
+                bytes.extend_from_slice(seq);
+            }
+            let _ = self.write_input(&bytes);
+        } else if up {
+            self.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(3));
+        } else {
+            self.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(-3));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ─── selection ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// Convert viewport (mouse) coordinates into a grid point.
+    ///
+    /// `row` is the visible-area row (0 = top visible row); the returned
+    /// `line` is in grid coordinates (`0` = top visible line at display
+    /// offset 0, negative = scrollback history).
+    pub fn grid_point(&self, row: u32, col: u32) -> SelPoint {
+        let offset = self.term.grid().display_offset() as i32;
+        SelPoint {
+            line: -offset + row as i32,
+            col: col as usize,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the selected text from the grid.
+    ///
+    /// Line-based semantics matching mainstream terminals: the first and
+    /// last selected lines are cut at the selection points, interior lines
+    /// are taken whole. Trailing whitespace is trimmed per line, and lines
+    /// are joined with `\n`. Returns `None` if the selection is inactive.
+    pub fn selection_text(&self, sel: &Selection) -> Option<String> {
+        if !sel.is_active() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let grid = self.term.grid();
+        let cols = grid.columns();
+        let mut out = String::new();
+        for line in sel.lines() {
+            let (start, end) = sel.line_span(line, cols)?;
+            let mut row = String::with_capacity(end - start);
+            for col in start..end {
+                let point = APoint { line: ALine(line), column: Column(col) };
+                let cell: &Cell = &grid[point];
+                // Skip wide-char spacer placeholders; the wide char itself
+                // is stored in the leading cell.
+                if cell
+                    .flags
+                    .intersects(CellFlags::WIDE_CHAR_SPACER | CellFlags::LEADING_WIDE_CHAR_SPACER)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                row.push(if cell.c == '\0' { ' ' } else { cell.c });
+            }
+            out.push_str(row.trim_end());
+            out.push('\n');
+        }
+        // Every line got a trailing \n; drop the last one. A selection that
+        // ends mid-line shouldn't end with a newline; one that ends at the
+        // far right edge of a line conceptually includes it, which matches
+        // what users expect when triple-clicking or selecting full lines.
+        Some(out.strip_suffix('\n').unwrap_or(&out).to_string())
+    }
+
+    /// Expand a grid point to word boundaries (double-click selection).
+    ///
+    /// Words are delimited by whitespace and [`SEMANTIC_ESCAPE_CHARS`].
+    pub fn expand_word(&self, p: SelPoint) -> (SelPoint, SelPoint) {
+        let grid = self.term.grid();
+        let cols = grid.columns();
+        let escape: Vec<char> = SEMANTIC_ESCAPE_CHARS.chars().collect();
+
+        let cell_char = |line: i32, col: usize| -> char {
+            let point = APoint { line: ALine(line), column: Column(col) };
+            let c = grid[point].c;
+            if c == '\0' { ' ' } else { c }
+        };
+
+        // If we landed on a separator, select just the separator cell run.
+        let c0 = cell_char(p.line, p.col);
+        let is_sep = |c: char| c.is_whitespace() || escape.contains(&c);
+
+        let mut start = p.col;
+        let mut end = p.col;
+        if is_sep(c0) {
+            while start > 0 && is_sep(cell_char(p.line, start - 1)) {
+                start -= 1;
+            }
+            while end + 1 < cols && is_sep(cell_char(p.line, end + 1)) {
+                end += 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            while start > 0 && !is_sep(cell_char(p.line, start - 1)) {
+                start -= 1;
+            }
+            while end + 1 < cols && !is_sep(cell_char(p.line, end + 1)) {
+                end += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        (
+            SelPoint { line: p.line, col: start },
+            SelPoint { line: p.line, col: end },
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Expand a grid point to full-line bounds (triple-click selection).
+    pub fn expand_line(&self, p: SelPoint) -> (SelPoint, SelPoint) {
+        let cols = self.term.grid().columns();
+        (
+            SelPoint { line: p.line, col: 0 },
+            SelPoint { line: p.line, col: cols.saturating_sub(1) },
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::config::Profile;
+    use crate::mouse::SelectionKind;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
     fn make_test_tab(command: &str) -> TerminalTab {
@@ -229,6 +458,7 @@ mod tests {
             cwd: None,
             tag: None,
             env: HashMap::new(),
+            login_shell: false,
         };
         TerminalTab::new("test".into(), &p, "/bin/sh", 40, 10, 1_000).unwrap()
     }
@@ -295,4 +525,200 @@ mod tests {
         let _ = tab.poll_pty();
         assert!(tab.is_dead(), "tab should have observed EOF");
     }
+
+    // ─── selection / clipboard / mode tests ─────────────────────────────
+
+    fn wait_for_events(tab: &mut TerminalTab, secs: u64) -> Vec<Event> {
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(secs);
+        let mut seen = Vec::new();
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            seen.extend(tab.drain_events());
+            if !seen.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        seen
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn selection_text_extracts_lines() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf 'alpha beta\\ngamma delta\\nepsilon'");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            let _ = tab.drain_events();
+            // Wait until the grid actually contains the text.
+            let grid = tab.term.grid();
+            let got = (0..grid.screen_lines()).any(|r| {
+                (0..grid.columns())
+                    .map(|c| grid[APoint {
+                        line: ALine(-(grid.display_offset() as i32) + r as i32),
+                        column: Column(c),
+                    }].c)
+                    .collect::<String>()
+                    .contains("epsilon")
+            });
+            if got {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(20));
+        }
+
+        // Select "beta" on row 0 through "delta" on row 1 (cols 6..=15).
+        let mut sel = Selection::new();
+        sel.begin(
+            SelectionKind::Simple,
+            SelPoint { line: 0, col: 6 },
+        );
+        sel.extend(SelPoint { line: 1, col: 10 });
+        let text = tab.selection_text(&sel).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(text, "beta\ngamma delta");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn selection_text_word_and_line_kinds() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf 'foo bar baz'");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            let _ = tab.drain_events();
+            let grid = tab.term.grid();
+            let got = (0..grid.columns())
+                .map(|c| grid[APoint { line: ALine(0), column: Column(c) }].c)
+                .collect::<String>()
+                .contains("baz");
+            if got {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(20));
+        }
+
+        // Word selection over "bar" (cols 4..6).
+        let (a, b) = tab.expand_word(SelPoint { line: 0, col: 5 });
+        assert_eq!((a.col, b.col), (4, 6));
+        let mut sel = Selection::new();
+        sel.set_span(SelectionKind::Word, a, b);
+        assert_eq!(tab.selection_text(&sel).unwrap(), "bar");
+
+        // Line selection grabs the whole row.
+        let (a, b) = tab.expand_line(SelPoint { line: 0, col: 2 });
+        let mut sel = Selection::new();
+        sel.set_span(SelectionKind::Line, a, b);
+        assert_eq!(tab.selection_text(&sel).unwrap(), "foo bar baz");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mouse_mode_bridges_from_decset() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf '\\033[?1000h\\033[?1006h'; sleep 0.3");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            if tab.mouse_mode().x11 {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        let m = tab.mouse_mode();
+        assert!(m.x11, "DECSET 1000 should enable x11 reporting");
+        assert!(m.sgr, "DECSET 1006 should enable SGR");
+        assert!(!m.motion);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bracketed_paste_bridges_from_decset() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf '\\033[?2004h'; sleep 0.3");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            if tab.bracketed_paste() {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        assert!(tab.bracketed_paste(), "DECSET 2004 should enable bracketed paste");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn title_event_forwarded() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf '\\033]0;my-title\\007'; sleep 0.3");
+        let events = wait_for_events(&mut tab, 3);
+        assert!(
+            events.iter().any(|e| matches!(e, Event::Title(t) if t == "my-title")),
+            "expected Title event, got {events:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn osc52_store_event_forwarded() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("printf '\\033]52;c;aGVsbG8=\\007'; sleep 0.3");
+        let events = wait_for_events(&mut tab, 3);
+        assert!(
+            events
+                .iter()
+                .any(|e| matches!(e, Event::ClipboardStore(ty, text)
+                    if matches!(ty, alacritty_terminal::term::ClipboardType::Clipboard)
+                        && text == "hello")),
+            "expected ClipboardStore event, got {events:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn scroll_display_moves_viewport() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("seq 1 200; sleep 0.3");
+        // Wait for the output to land.
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            if tab.term.grid().history_size() > 100 {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        assert!(tab.at_bottom());
+        tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(10));
+        assert_eq!(tab.display_offset(), 10);
+        tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Top);
+        assert_eq!(tab.display_offset(), tab.term.grid().history_size());
+        tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Bottom);
+        assert!(tab.at_bottom());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wheel_scrolls_scrollback_on_main_screen() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("seq 1 200; sleep 0.3");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            if tab.term.grid().history_size() > 100 {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        tab.wheel_scroll(true);
+        assert_eq!(tab.display_offset(), 3);
+        tab.wheel_scroll(false);
+        assert_eq!(tab.display_offset(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn grid_point_maps_viewport_into_scrollback() {
+        let mut tab = make_test_tab("seq 1 200; sleep 0.3");
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+            let _ = tab.poll_pty();
+            if tab.term.grid().history_size() > 100 {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        tab.scroll_display(Scroll::Delta(20));
+        // Top visible row maps to Line(-20); col passthrough.
+        let p = tab.grid_point(0, 7);
+        assert_eq!(p.line, -20);
+        assert_eq!(p.col, 7);
+        // Row 3 → Line(-17).
+        assert_eq!(tab.grid_point(3, 0).line, -17);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/ui/tui.rs b/src/ui/tui.rs
index 96b7d1b..a44984e 100644
--- a/src/ui/tui.rs
+++ b/src/ui/tui.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ use std::io::{self, stdout, Write};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
-use crossterm::event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event};
+use crossterm::event::{
+    self, DisableBracketedPaste, DisableMouseCapture, EnableBracketedPaste, EnableMouseCapture,
+    Event,
+};
 use crossterm::execute;
 use crossterm::terminal::{
     disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
@@ -59,10 +62,11 @@ use ratatui::Terminal as RataTerminal;
 use alacritty_terminal::grid::Dimensions;
 use alacritty_terminal::index::{Column, Line as ALine, Point};
 use alacritty_terminal::term::cell::{Cell, Flags as CellFlags};
+use alacritty_terminal::term::TermMode;
 use alacritty_terminal::vte::ansi::{Color as AnsiColor, NamedColor};
 
 use crate::app::App;
-use crate::mouse::{MouseButton, MouseEventKind, MouseMods};
+use crate::mouse::{MouseButton, MouseEventKind, MouseMods, Selection};
 use crate::terminal::manager::BroadcastTarget;
 use crate::ui::backend::BackendFactory;
 use crate::ui::event::{AppEvent, AppMouseEvent};
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ impl TuiRenderer {
 
             // ---- Terminal area ----
             if let Some(tab) = manager.tabs.get(active_idx) {
-                render_terminal_grid(f, tab, chunks[1]);
+                render_terminal_grid(f, tab, chunks[1], &app.session.selection);
             } else {
                 let empty = Paragraph::new("No tabs. Press Ctrl+Shift+T to create one.")
                     .alignment(Alignment::Center);
@@ -125,21 +129,47 @@ impl TuiRenderer {
             }
 
             // ---- Status bar ----
-            let (status_text, status_style) = match &manager.broadcast {
-                BroadcastTarget::Active => (
-                    format!(" rs-mrxvt  •  tabs={}  active={}  ", manager.tabs.len(), active_idx + 1),
-                    Style::default().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::DarkGray),
-                ),
-                BroadcastTarget::All => (
-                    format!(" ● BROADCAST:All  •  tabs={}  ", manager.tabs.len()),
-                    Style::default().fg(Color::White).bg(Color::Red).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
-                ),
-                BroadcastTarget::Group(g) => (
-                    format!(" ● BROADCAST:{}  •  tabs={}  ", g, manager.tabs.len()),
-                    Style::default().fg(Color::White).bg(Color::Magenta).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+            let mut status_left = match &manager.broadcast {
+                BroadcastTarget::Active => format!(
+                    " rs-mrxvt  •  tabs={}  active={}  ",
+                    manager.tabs.len(),
+                    active_idx + 1
                 ),
+                BroadcastTarget::All => {
+                    format!(" ● BROADCAST:All  •  tabs={}  ", manager.tabs.len())
+                }
+                BroadcastTarget::Group(g) => {
+                    format!(" ● BROADCAST:{}  •  tabs={}  ", g, manager.tabs.len())
+                }
             };
-            f.render_widget(Paragraph::new(status_text).style(status_style), chunks[2]);
+            let mut status_style = match &manager.broadcast {
+                BroadcastTarget::Active => {
+                    Style::default().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::DarkGray)
+                }
+                BroadcastTarget::All => Style::default()
+                    .fg(Color::White)
+                    .bg(Color::Red)
+                    .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+                BroadcastTarget::Group(_) => Style::default()
+                    .fg(Color::White)
+                    .bg(Color::Magenta)
+                    .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
+            };
+
+            // Scrollback indicator when the viewport is raised.
+            if let Some(tab) = manager.tabs.get(active_idx) {
+                let off = tab.display_offset();
+                if off > 0 {
+                    status_left.push_str(&format!("↑{off}  "));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Transient notice (copy/paste feedback, bell, …).
+            if let Some(notice) = app.active_notice() {
+                status_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::Yellow);
+                status_left = format!(" {notice}  •  {status_left}");
+            }
+            f.render_widget(Paragraph::new(status_left).style(status_style), chunks[2]);
 
             // ---- Command palette overlay ----
             if palette_open {
@@ -171,12 +201,16 @@ impl Renderer for TuiRenderer {
         flush_stdin("after enable_raw_mode");
 
         // Step 3: Send our init escape sequences (alternate screen, mouse
-        // capture, cursor hide) and flush them to the outer terminal.
+        // capture, bracketed paste, cursor hide) and flush them to the
+        // outer terminal. Bracketed paste means the host terminal delivers
+        // its own paste (Ctrl+Shift+V / menu) as a Paste event instead of
+        // synthesizing keystrokes.
         let mut out = stdout();
         execute!(
             out,
             EnterAlternateScreen,
             EnableMouseCapture,
+            EnableBracketedPaste,
             Hide
         )
         .context("entering alt screen")?;
@@ -208,7 +242,13 @@ impl Renderer for TuiRenderer {
 
     fn fini(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         let mut out = stdout();
-        if let Err(e) = execute!(out, LeaveAlternateScreen, DisableMouseCapture, Show) {
+        if let Err(e) = execute!(
+            out,
+            LeaveAlternateScreen,
+            DisableMouseCapture,
+            DisableBracketedPaste,
+            Show
+        ) {
             log::error!("failed to restore terminal: {e}");
         }
         if let Err(e) = disable_raw_mode() {
@@ -265,6 +305,7 @@ fn render_terminal_grid(
     f: &mut ratatui::Frame<'_>,
     tab: &crate::terminal::TerminalTab,
     area: Rect,
+    selection: &Selection,
 ) {
     let grid = tab.term.grid();
 
@@ -281,22 +322,59 @@ fn render_terminal_grid(
     let start_line = -i32::try_from(display_offset).unwrap_or(i32::MAX);
     let render_rows = rows.min(screen_lines);
 
+    // Block cursor position (viewport row), if visible.
+    let show_cursor = tab.term.mode().contains(TermMode::SHOW_CURSOR);
+    let cursor_pos: Option<(usize, usize)> = show_cursor
+        .then(|| {
+            let c = &grid.cursor.point;
+            let row = c.line.0 + start_line; // grid Line → screen row
+            let col = c.column.0;
+            (row >= 0 && (row as usize) < render_rows && col < cols).then_some((row as usize, col))
+        })
+        .flatten();
+
     let mut lines: Vec<Line> = Vec::with_capacity(render_rows);
     for row_idx in 0..render_rows as i32 {
         let line = ALine(start_line + row_idx);
+        let row = row_idx as usize;
+
+        // Selected column span for this row, if any.
+        let sel_span = if selection.is_active() {
+            selection.line_span(line.0, cols)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         let mut spans: Vec<Span> = Vec::with_capacity(cols);
 
         for col_idx in 0..cols {
             let point = Point { line, column: Column(col_idx) };
             let cell: &Cell = &grid[point];
 
+            let mut style = cell_to_style(cell);
+
+            // Selection highlight: reverse video with a distinct tint.
+            if let Some((sel_start, sel_end)) = sel_span {
+                if col_idx >= sel_start && col_idx < sel_end {
+                    style = style
+                        .add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)
+                        .bg(Color::Rgb(60, 71, 100))
+                        .fg(color_to_ratatui(cell.fg));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Block cursor.
+            if let Some((crow, ccol)) = cursor_pos {
+                if crow == row && ccol == col_idx {
+                    style = style.add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED);
+                }
+            }
+
             if cell.c == ' ' || cell.c == '\0' {
-                let style = cell_to_style(cell);
                 spans.push(Span::styled(" ", style));
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let style = cell_to_style(cell);
             spans.push(Span::styled(cell.c.to_string(), style));
         }
 
@@ -435,21 +513,27 @@ fn merge_spans(spans: Vec<Span>) -> Vec<Span> {
 /// Crossterm reports mouse positions in both pixel and cell coordinates;
 /// we use the cell coordinates (column, row) which crossterm computes
 /// from the terminal's reported cell size.
+///
+/// Button releases keep their button identity (crossterm's `Up(b)` carries
+/// the button) so local selection logic can distinguish left-release from
+/// other releases; the mouse encoders ignore it (release is signaled by
+/// the event kind).
 fn crossterm_mouse_to_app(m: crossterm::event::MouseEvent) -> AppMouseEvent {
     use crossterm::event::{MouseButton as CButton, MouseEventKind as CKind};
 
-    let button = match m.kind {
-        CKind::Down(b) | CKind::Drag(b) => match b {
-            CButton::Left => MouseButton::Left,
-            CButton::Right => MouseButton::Right,
-            CButton::Middle => MouseButton::Middle,
-        },
-        CKind::Up(_) => MouseButton::None,
+    let map_button = |b: &CButton| match b {
+        CButton::Left => MouseButton::Left,
+        CButton::Right => MouseButton::Right,
+        CButton::Middle => MouseButton::Middle,
+    };
+
+    let button = match &m.kind {
+        CKind::Down(b) | CKind::Drag(b) => map_button(b),
+        CKind::Up(b) => map_button(b),
         CKind::ScrollDown => MouseButton::WheelDown,
         CKind::ScrollUp => MouseButton::WheelUp,
-        // Horizontal scroll: treat as no button (rarely used by terminal apps).
-        CKind::ScrollLeft | CKind::Moved => MouseButton::None,
-        CKind::ScrollRight => MouseButton::None,
+        // Horizontal scroll / plain motion: no button.
+        CKind::ScrollLeft | CKind::ScrollRight | CKind::Moved => MouseButton::None,
     };
     let kind = match m.kind {
         CKind::Down(_) => MouseEventKind::Press,
diff --git a/tests/broadcasting.rs b/tests/broadcasting.rs
index 3d011e2..33299a6 100644
--- a/tests/broadcasting.rs
+++ b/tests/broadcasting.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ fn cat_profile(tag: Option<String>) -> Profile {
         cwd: None,
         tag,
         env: HashMap::new(),
+        login_shell: false,
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/integration.rs b/tests/integration.rs
index 1c7b255..7b053f8 100644
--- a/tests/integration.rs
+++ b/tests/integration.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ fn sh_profile(cmd: &str) -> Profile {
         cwd: None,
         tag: None,
         env: HashMap::new(),
+        login_shell: false,
     }
 }